I-DEA Intloko ihlola iimpembelelo ezingalunganga malunga nokuhamba
UKaren Tandy, umlawuli we-US Ulwaphulo-mthetho loLawulo lokuLawulwa kweMithi, wahlola ingozi eyenziwe kulutsha lwaseMelika ngeengcamango ezijikeleza i-marijuana kwinqaku kwi-March ka-2005 ye-Chief Chess. Iphinda iphindwe ngezantsi ngeemvume.
Xa u-Irma Perez oneminyaka eyi-14 ubudala waseBelmont, eCalifornia, wathatha ipilisi enye yohlwaya ngo-Ephreli ophelileyo, wayengazi ukuba uya kuba ngu-26,000 abantu abafa rhoqo ngonyaka kwiziyobisi.
U-Irma wayenomdla kunye nabahlobo bakhe abaneminyaka eli-14 ubudala ekhaya. Kungekudala emva kokuthatha ipilisi encinci ye-blue, u-Irma wakhonkxa xa evakalelwa kukuba wayeva ngathi "uya kufa."
Endaweni yokufuna unyango, abahlobo bakhe babiza umthengisi oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala owanikezela iipilisi waza wacela icebiso. Abahlobo bazama ukufumana u-Irma ukuba atshise i-marijuana, kodwa xa engenako ngenxa yokuba ehlanza aze aphelelwe yinto ye-coma, bafaka amacembe e-marijuana emlonyeni wakhe ngenxa yokuba, ngokwemibiko yeendaba, "babesazi ukuba ngamanye amaxesha isisetyenziswa ukusebenzisa izigulane zomhlaza. "
U-Irma Perez wasweleka ngenxa yokuthakazelisa , kodwa ukugqithisa loo ntlekele kwakuyisigqibo esibulalayo sokusebenzisa inambuzane ukuba "imphathise" esikhundleni sokwenza oko kwakube yindlela yokuphila e-911.
I-Irma yayiyixhoba lenkcazo engelona ngqiqo malunga nolwabuni - uluntu oluye lwakholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane akusiyo kuphela into ekhethekileyo yokuzikhethela, kodwa yile nonyango elungileyo, unyango-konke ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo.
I-poll yakutshanje ibonise ukuba phantse ama-3 anesine aseMerika ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 inkxaso yokumisela i-marijuana ngokusetyenziswa kwezobisi.
Yikho inkolelo esele ihlulwe kubaninzi bethu abaselula, ukuba oko ndikuva ngexesha lokundwendwela esikolweni esiphakathi kunye nabafundi besikolo esiphakeme kweli lizwe liyinyaniso. Ndiyamangaliswa ngendlela eyazi kakuhle ngayo izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni ezi ntetho.
Kunjengokuba ngaba ababhali bemthethweni babemi ngaphandle kwezikolo zabo behambisa iincwadana zabo zobuxoki.
Nantsi oko abafundi baxelele ngamagciwane: "Kuyinto engokwemvelo kuba ikhula emhlabathini, ngoko kuya kuba kuhle kuwe." "Kumelwe ukuba yipilisi, kuba yenza ukuba ndizive ngcono." "Ekubeni wonke umntu uthi iyeza, kunjalo."
Inkolelo: Ukuba Ingumuthi, Ukhuselekile
Ukumisela ngokusemthethweni ukuzithethelela kubhekiselele kwinto ethiwa yonyango yonyango yindlela yokufezekisa ngokusemthethweni iziyobisi. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-New York Times yathintana noEthan Nadelmann, umlawuli weLindesmith Centre, isikhungo sophando lwepolisi.
Ukuphendula ukugxekwa ukuba into ebizwa ngokuba yi-marijuana yinkxalabo yehashe ehambayo yokumisela izidakamizwa, uMnuz Nadelmann akavumelani. "Ngaba iya kunceda ekukholiseni inambuzane?" wabuza. "Ndiyathemba njalo."
Umcimbi wegunju njengoko iyeza lithatha ingqwalasela yesizwe kwaye ngoku liye laya eNkantolo Ephakamileyo yase-US, kunye ne-Ashcroft v. Raich isalindele. Ukwanda kwendalo yile ngqungquthela kukuba, ukuba i-marijuana yonyango, kufuneka ikhuselekile nokusetyenziswa kokuzonwabisa.
Inyaniso: I-Antidote kwiNtsomi
Le ingqondo ephasayo iye yafika neenkundla zethu. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 2005, umzekelo, uGranisi u-Frank Murkowski wase-Alaska kufuneka acele i-legislature ukuba "inqumle isigwebo senkundla yokuba abantu abadala aseAlask banelungelo lokufumana inambuzane ukuze basebenzise emakhaya abo."
Kwakungabikho nkohliso lokusetyenziswa kwezobisi kule sigwebo; linike amaAlask ilungelo lokusemthethweni lokubhema inambuzane nganoma yiphina isizathu, ekholelwa ekubeni inkohlakalo ingaphephile kuphela ekuphatheni isigulo esibi kodwa ngokuthe ngandlela-thile ikhuselekile ekusebenziseni ngokubanzi nakulo lonke uluntu.
Yintoni i-antidote? Ukusasaza inyaniso. UMerika akahluphekanga nantoni na inyaniso ayinako ukuyiphilisa. Ukukunceda ukuseta irekhodi ngokuchanekileyo, eli nqaku lifuna ukuphinda lixhomekeke kwaye liphinde liphinde libuyele.
- Inkolelo: I-Marijuana Ingumuthi
- Inkolelo: Ukumiswa kweMarjuana kwamanye amazwe kuye kwaba yimpumelelo
- Inkolelo: I-Marijuana ayinalo
- Inkolelo: Ukubhema i-Marijuana kuHlaba kuphela abaSuwa
Uluntu lwenzululwazi kunye nolwagqirha luye lwafumanisa ukuba ukutshaya inyosi yingozi yengozi, kungeyiyo yonyango. Akukho bungqina bonyango bokutshaya inambuzane kunceda izigulane. Enyanisweni, uLawulo lwezoKutya kunye neDrug (FDA) aluvumeli nonyango olutsha, ngenxa yokuba ukutshaya kuyindlela engafanelekanga yokuhambisa iyeza.
UMorphine, umzekelo uye waboniswa ukuba yizilwanyana ezixabisekileyo, kodwa i-FDA ayivumeli i-opium okanye i-heroin.
I-Congress yenze imithetho echasene nentambo ye-marijuana ngo-1970 isekelwe kwisabelo sayo sokuthi inambuzane ayinayo inzuzo yezokwelapha ezibonakaliswe ngosayensi, apho iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-United States yaqinisekisa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30 e-United States v. 483 (2001).
I-Marijuana ihlala kwishedyuli 1 yoMthetho oLawula iziNtu ngenxa yokuba inamandla okusetyenziswa kakubi, ukungabikho kolondolozo olwamkelweyo phantsi kolawulo lwezonyango, kwaye akukho okwamkelwa ngonyango okwangoku.
I-American Medical Association iye yalahla ukucela ukuba inambuzane igunyaze inambuzane, kwaye kunoko yancoma ukuba inambuzane ihlale isicatshulwa esivumelekileyo 1 isicatshulwa ubuncinane kude kube neziphumo zezifundo ezilawulwayo.
I-National Multiple Sclerosis Society ithi iingcingo ezenziwe okwangoku "azizange zinike ubungqina obukholisayo bokuthi i-marijuana inceda abantu abane-MS" kwaye ayincomo njengonyango.
Ukuqhubela phambili, i-MS Society ithi ukuba abantu abane-MS "ukusebenzisa ixesha elide le-marijuana banokudityaniswa nemiphumo ebalulekileyo."
I-British Medical Association iye yathatha isikhundla esifanayo, ukuthetha "ukukhathazeka okugqithiseleyo" okwehlisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lwegciwane "kuya kudukisa" uluntu ukuba ucinge ukuba le nkunkuma ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa xa, "eqinisweni, idibene nomngcipheko omkhulu isifo senhliziyo, umhlaza wamaphaphu, i-bronchitis, kunye ne-emphysema. "
Ukubhema kuyingozi
Ngo-1999 i-Institute of Medicine (i-OOM) yaqalisa ukuphononongwa ngokuphawulekayo kwipropati yezobisi. Abameli be-soya okuthiwa i-marijuana yezogqirha bahlala befunda yonke le mfundiso, kodwa iziphumo zokufunda ziqikelela ngokugqithiseleyo iingxabano zabo.
Enyanisweni, i-IOM ifumene ngokucacileyo ukuba i-marijuana ayilona unyango kwaye ibonisa ukukhathazeka ngokubhema izigulane ngenxa yokuba ukutshaya kuyingozi inkqubo yokuhambisa iziyobisi.
I-IOM yafumanisa ukuba kwakungekho ubungqina benzululwazi bokuthi ukutshaya inyosi kwakuxabise unyango, nangenxa yokugula okungapheliyo, kwaye wagqiba ekubeni "kukho ikamva elincinci ekugqibeleni inambuzane njengemichiza evunywe ngamachiza."
Enyanisweni, abaphandi abaqhuba isifundo abanakufumana uncedo lwezokwelapha kwi-marijuana malunga naluphi na ukugula abaye bawahlola, kuquka nokunyangwa kwe-syndrome kwizigulane zikaGawulayo, ukuphazamiseka kweentshukumo ezifana nesifo sika-Parkinson kunye nesifo sokuphuza, okanye i-glaucoma.
Ukuncedwa kwexeshana kuphela
IOM ifumene ukuba i-THC (isisombululo esisisiseko sengqondo kwi-marijuana) ekutsheni i-marijuana inika ukukhululeka kwesikhashana kwi-intraocular pressure (i-IOP) ehambelana ne-glaucoma kwaye kuya kufuneka ifune ukutshiza izihlandlo ezisibhozo ezili-10 ngosuku ukuze ziphumelele iziphumo.
Kwaye kukho nenye inonyango ye-IOP, njengoko ukufumaneka kwamachiza athatywayo ngokukhawuleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo-okanye kwimihla yesibini eyenza i-IOP ilawulwe ngokwenene kwizigulane ezininzi kwaye inikeze i-IOP ukuncinci.
Kweminye imimiselo emibini, isicathulo seentlungu kunye nentlungu, ingxelo iphakanyiswe malunga nokusetyenziswa kwegciwane, ngelixa iphakamisa uphando olongezelelweyo kwiimeko ezinqongophele kwi-THC kodwa kungabikho i-marijuana.
Ngaphambi kokuba nayiphina isilwanyana singathengiswa e-United States, kufuneka ihlolwe ngokugqithisileyo yesayensi kunye nokuhlolwa kwekliniki ejongene ne-FDA. Umzekelo, i-FDA iye yamkela i-Marinol (i-dronabinol) -yifom ye-capsule ekhuselekileyo ye-THC ehambelana nemilinganiselo yamachiza avumelekileyo kwaye inezixhobo ezifanayo njengoko zihlakulele inambuzane ngaphandle kokuphakanyiswa kwamanxeba kunye nokuhlanza okuhambisana nomhlaza wekhemotherapy kunye ukwenzela unyango lwe-syndrome ekugululeni izigulane zikaGawulayo.
Isitya sokubhema asivunyelwanga
I-DEA ibhalise wonke umphandi ohlangabezana neemigangatho ze-FDA ukusebenzisa i-mariju kwisayensi yezenzululwazi. Ukususela ngo-2000, umzekelo, i-Centre-based Centre yaseCalifornia yoPhando lwe-Cannabis Research (CMCR) ifumane imvume yovavanyo olu-14 ngokusebenzisa i-marijuana yokubhema ebantwini kunye nezilingo ezintathu kwiimpawu zelabhoratri kunye nezilwanyana.
Uphando lwe-CMCR yimizamo yokuqala yokufunda ngempumelelo yonyango yentsangu. Kodwa abaphandi abazange bavume ukutshaya i-marijuana kwaye kunoko bazama ukuhlukanisa izithako ezisebenzayo ukuze bathuthukise ezinye iindlela zokuhambisa ukutshaya. Akukho mnye wabaphandi abafumene ubungqina benzululwazi ukuba ukutshaya i-marijuana yiyeza.
Kule minyaka elishumi edluleyo, umgaqo-nkqubo weziyobisi kwamanye amazwe angaphandle, ngakumbi abo baseYurophu, uye wadlula utshintsho olunzulu kwi-liberalization enkulu kunye neziphumo ezingaphumeleli. Cinga ngamava aseNetherlands, apho urhulumente waqwalasela khona amanyathelo ayo ngokusemthethweni ngokubhekiselele kumava alo lizwe.
Emva kokusebenzisa i-marijuana yaba ngumthetho, ukusetyenziswa kwaphindaphindwa kathathu phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengu-20 ubudala.
Njengoko kwaziswa ingozi yentsangu ye-marijuana , inani lama-coffeehouses aseNetherlands lancipha ama-36 ekhulwini kwiminyaka emithandathu.
Phantse zonke iidolophu zaseDatshi zinomgaqo-nkqubo we-cannabis, kunye neepesenti ezingama-73 zazo zinomgaqo-nkqubo wokunyamezela kumaziko eefesi.
Ngowe-1987 iinkokheli zaseSwitzerland zavumela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuthengiswa kwipaki yaseZurich, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Needle Park, kwaye iSwitzerland yaba ngumatshini wabasebenzisi beziyobisi emhlabeni wonke. Kwiminyaka emihlanu, inani labasebenzisi beziyobisi bepaki babesele lanyuka ukusuka kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kuma-20,000.
Ummandla ojikeleze ipaki waba yi-crime-packed to a point that park had to be closed and the test was stopped.
Ukubhema iiRhafu eziKhulayo
I-marijuana isebenziswe ngabafana baseCanada iphakamileyo yeminyaka engama-25 ekugqibeleni ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzelisa. Ngaloo xesha i-bill ye-bill of prejudice prior to House of Commons, urhulumente waseKhanada wakhulula ingxelo ebonisa ukuba inyosi yokubhema phakathi kwentsha "kumanqanaba awazange sibonwe ukususela ekupheleni kwee-70s xa amazinga afikelele ekugqibeleni."
Emva kokunciphisa amaninzi kuma-1980, i-marijuana isebenzisa phakathi kwentsha yanda ngexesha lama-1990, njengoko kubonakala ukuba abantu abatsha "badidekile malunga nomthetho wemithetho yombhobho."
Ukusetyenziswa kwebambiso kunobungozi bempilo, ukhuseleko, ezentlalo, ezemfundo, ezomnotho kunye neziphumo zokuziphatha; kunye nabantwana basengozini kakhulu kwimiphumo eyingozi. I-Marijuana iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezingekho mthethweni eMelika kwaye ifikeleleka kalula kubantwana.
Ukuqulunqa ingxaki kukuba inambuzane yanamhlanje ayiyiyo inambuzane ye-baby boomers iminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo.
Umlinganiselo wezinga le-THC wenyuka ukusuka ngaphantsi kweepesenti eziyi-1 phakathi kwe-1970 ukuya kuma-8 ekhulwini ngo-2004. Kwaye ubuchule beBBC Bud, uhlobo oluthile lwenambuzane ehlonyelwe eBrithani Columbia, eCanada, luphindwe kabini kwisiqingatha sesizwe-ukusuka Ipesenti eziyi-15 ze-THC ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukusebenzisa i-Marijuana kunokukhokelela ekuxhomekeke nasekuxhatshazweni. I-Marijuana yowesiqhelo sesibini esingaqhelekanga esichengile ukunyangwa kweziyobisi ngo-2002-ukuphuma ngaphandle kwe-cocaine, eyona nto ibangela kakhulu.
Ukutshitshiswa kwabaninzi kukuba abatsha abaninzi banonyango kunyaka ngamnye ukuxhomekeka kwebambiso kunokuba utywala kunye nazo zonke iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni . Le ndlela yanda iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi: ngo-2002, iipesenti ezingama- 64 ezamkelekileyo unyango lwabantwana abalisa ukuba i-marijuana ibe yinto ephambili yokusetyenziswa gadalala, xa kuthelekiswa nama-23 ekhulwini ngo-1992.
Gateway Drug
I-Marijuana iyisisango sesango. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kwezidakamizwa, akunakwenzeka ukuba sihlangabezane ne-heroin okanye i- cocaine abaluthayo abangazange baqalise ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nenambuzane .
Uphando lwezenzululwazi lubonakalisa iziphumo zethu zokufumana iziphumo.
Ngokomzekelo, i- Journal ye-American Medical Association yabika, ngokusekelwe kuhlolisiso lweeseti ezingama-300, ukuba i-marijuana-esebenzisa amawele ayenokuphindwa kane ngaphezu kokuba abantakwabo basebenzise i-cocaine kunye ne -cocaine , kwaye amaxesha angaphezu kwamahlanu asebenzise ii-hallucinogens ezifana neLSD.
Ngaphezulu, omncinci umntu xa esebenzisa i-marijuana kuqala, kungenzeka ukuba umntu usebenzise i-cocaine ne-heroin kwaye abe ngumxhomekeke kwiziyobisi njengomntu omdala. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abangama-62 abantu abadala abaqala ukuzama i-marijuzana ngaphambi kokuba babe-15 banokuthi basebenzise i-cocaine. Ngokwahlukileyo, kuphela ipesenti enye okanye ngaphantsi kwabantu abadala abangazange bazame inambuzane esebenzisa i-heroin okanye i-cocaine.
Iingxaki zezempilo ezibalulekileyo
Ukubhema i-marijuana kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezibalulekileyo. I-Marijuana iqulethe iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-400, ezingama-60 ezingenazo i-cannabinoids. Ukutshaya i-cigarettes i-cigarette idivesti malunga neethathu ukuya kwetye ziphindwe kabini kwimipuphu ngaphezu kwesigarethi esicocekileyo.
Ngenxa yoko, ababhemayo abavuthayo bafumana ubunzima beengxaki ezifanayo zempilo ezifana nokutshaya icuba, ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunye nokuqhuma, isibindi sokubanda kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutshaya amanxeba amathathu ukuya kumane kubangela ubuncinane ubunzima kwindlela yokuphefumula njengokuba ukutshaya ipakethe epheleleyo yeekheyi ngosuku.
Umsi womncuba uqulethe i-50 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini kwi-carcinogenic hydrocarbons kune-smoksi yomsi kwaye uvelise amanqanaba aphezulu e-enzyme eguqula ii-hydrocarboni ezithile kwiiseli ezibi.
Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo
Ukongeza, ukutshaya i-marijuzana kunokukhokelela ekwenzeni ukhathazeka, ukwethuka , ukuxineka, ukuxothwa kwentlalo, kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo , ngakumbi kubantwana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana abaneminyaka engama-12 ukuya kwe-17 abavutha i-marijuana ngeveki banokuphindwa kathathu kunokuba bangaboni ukuba bazibulale.
Ukusebenzisa i-Marijuana kwakhona kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo , ukubandakanya imiphumo emfutshane njengendlela yokuphazamiseka, ukulahleka kwememori kunye neengxaki ngokucinga nokulungisa ingxaki. Abafundi abanebanga eliqhelekileyo le-D okanye ngezantsi bafunyenwe babe ngaphezu kwamaxesha amane ukuba basebenzise inambuzane kunyaka owedlule njengolutsha olulinganisa ibanga eliphakathi kwe-A.
Kubantu abaselula, abaneengqondo zabo zisakhulayo, le miphumo ibangela ingxaki kwaye ibeka ingozi yabo amandla ekufezekisa amandla abo.
Sifanele sibeke ingcamango yokuba kukho into enjalo njengomsebenzisi weziyobisi, umntu ophethe imikhwa yakhe kuphela. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwegogu, akusilwaphulo-mthetho. Olunye uluntu lunokunqanda ukubandakanyeka ngenxa yokuba bacinga ukuba umntu osebenzisa iziyobisi kakubi.
Kodwa olu hlobo lwengxaki-engeyiyo-ingxaki yam ingozi.
Buza abo bantu ngokubhema ngomsi wesigaretti, kwaye baya kuzivuma ngokukhawuleza umonakalo obangelwa ngababi. Umsi wesibini uyingxaki eyaziwayo, enye i-American iya kuba nzima ukungathwali. Sifanele sisebenzise umqondo oqhelekileyo ukucinga kwiimpembelelo ezibhekiselele kwindlela yokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Thatha umzekelo umonakalo onobungozi wokugqwala inambuzane ngokutshayela. Njengoko ulawulo lwezokuThuthukiswa koKhuseleko lweNdlela kaZwelonke (NHTSA) luthi, "Idatha ye-epidemiology esuka ekubanjweni kweendlela kunye nokufa kubonisa ukuba emva kokusela utywala, i-marijuana yinto ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekuqhubeni abantu."
I-Marijuana ibangela abaqhubi ukuba banciphise imoto yokusingatha ukusebenza, ukunyuka kwamaxesha okuphendula, ukuguqulwa kwexesha kunye nokulinganiswa komgama, ukulala, ukukhubazeka kwezakhono kunye nokungabikho kokugxininisa.
Ukuqhuba Ngethuba Ngethuba
Ubungakanani beengxaki zokuqhuma umgudu we-marijuana .
Abafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo sesithandathu (okanye 600,000) baqhubela ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-marijuana, phantse baninzi abaqhuba ngaphantsi kwefuthe lotywala, ngokumalunga noqikelelo olukhishwe ngoSeptemba 2003 yi-Ofisi yeSizwe ye-National Drug Control Policy (i-ONDCP). Uhlolisiso lwabaqhubi ababethelela ngaphaya kokuqhuba ngokungathandabuzekiyo lwabonisa ukuba, phakathi kwabangenakunxiliswa ngotywala, iipesenti ezingama-45 zavavanya ukuba zincinci.
Abo bajikeleza izitalato kunye nemigwaqo emikhulu, bayazi ukuba imiphumo yokushayela i-marijuana engenakukhubazeka ingaba yingozi. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abane kunye nomqhubi wabo wecala-obizwa ngokuba nguSmokey ngabantwana ngenxa yokubhema kwakhe i-marijuana-bafa ngo-Apreli 2002 xa i-Tippy Toes Learning Academy ihamba ngeendlela zasemaphandleni ize ibetha ikhonkrithi. Wafumaneka kwindawo yokuhlaselwa kunye nenambuzane yakhe epokothini.
Abangenacala ababuleweyo
Abanye abaqhubi abanokukhubazeka kweziyobisi baya kufunyanwa ngohlelo lwe-Drug Recognition Expert, olusebenza phantsi kolawulo lwe-IACP kwaye luxhaswa yi-NHTSA. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sifuna ukuqinisa amatyala aqhutywe ngabaqhubi beziyobisi, ukukhuselwa okukhulu kwabangenacala kwindlela kufuna ukuphuhliswa kweemvavanyo zokufumana izidakamizwa ezifikelelekayo, kwaye ezinye zisesigaba sokuvavanya ngoku.
Umsi wesibindi osuka kumgogu ubulala abanye abangenacala. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abafaki-mlilo baseFiladelphia babulawa xa bephendulwa kumlilo wokuhlala ovela kwi-marijuana yangaphakathi . KwiSixeko saseNew York, inkwenkwe eneminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala, i-Deasean Hill, yabulawa yinqanaba eliqhelekileyo ukusuka kwindlu yakhe yaseBrooklyn emva kokuba umthengisi weziyobisi uthengise isikhwama se-marijuana kwelinye i-turf.