Iimpembelelo zokutshaya kwexesha elide Emva kweMithi, utywala ngeengxaki
Enye yeengxabano ezijikeleza inzululwazi yokumisa inambuzane iguquka malunga nombuzo wokuba ingwenya ingumuthi wesango okanye ayikho. Ukuba ukutshaya ikhula kungabangela ukuba kusetyenziswe ezinye iziyobisi , ngoko ngokusemthethweni ukusetyenziswa kokuzonwabisa kwenambuzane kungabi yinto efanelekileyo emva kwayo yonke into.
Ngelishwa, kukho uphando olunzulu lwezesayensi olwenzela ngokuqinisekileyo ingxoxo yeziyobisi zesango.
Kukho iziphumo ezibuyise iziphumo kumacala omabini ombuzo.
Noko ke, isifundo esithile sacetyiswa ukuba ubudala xa umntu eqala ukusebenzisa inambuba yinto ebalulekileyo ukuba ingaqhubeka njani kwiingxaki zotywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi emva koko.
Kuhlolisiso lwee-311 zomibini zamabhinqa afana nesini, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abo baqala ukusebenzisa i-marijuana ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-17 babengama-2.1 ukuya ku-5.2 amaxesha amaninzi okusebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi okanye ukuphuhlisa utywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ukuxhomekeka kwabo xa kuthelekiswa namawele abo abangazange ukusebenzisa i-marijuana phambi kwe-17.
Ukusebenzisa i-Marijuana Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-17
"Kukho imbali ebalulekileyo yocwaningo ebonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis (marijuana) yasekuqaleni kuhambelana nobungozi obuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi 'iziyobisi ezinzima,' kodwa olo uphando lusekelwe kwinto yokuba i-heroin kunye nabasebenzisi be-cocaine babika kuqala esebenzisa i-cannabis, "utshilo umlobi okhokelayo uMichael T. Lynskey, Ph.D., uprofesa oncedisayo wezobuchopho e-Washington University School of Medicine eSt.
ULouis kunye nabaphambili abaphandi beeNgcali kwi-Queensland Institute of Research Medical (Brisbane, Australia).
ULykeykey uthe uphando oludlulileyo alukwazanga ukulawula ngokwaneleyo iimpawu zomndeni - ezifana nezofuzo, imvelo kunye nemvelaphi yentsapho-enokubangela ukuba abantu basebenzise i-marijuana yokuqala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni.
Kwisifundo se-Australia, abaphandi bavavanya amawele eentlobano zesini-ezifanayo, ezinye iinkolelo. Ngama-311 amabini amabini amawele, elinye iwele laqala ukusebenzisa inambuzane ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka eyi-17 kwaye enye ingenzi.
IiRhafu eziPhezulu zoTywala, iiNgxaki zeziyobisi
"Ngokufunda amawele, siyakwazi ukuthelekisa iimbini zabantu abalinganayo, imvelaphi yentsapho efanayo kunye-nokuba kunjalo ngamawele afanayo - abantu abaneendawo ezifanayo," u-Lynskey uyachaza. "Kodwa la mawele ahluke ngolunye uhlonipho olubalulekileyo: Omnye ukhethe ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-cannabis ngaphambi kwe-17, kodwa enye yayingekho."
Xa la maphepha angama-311 axoxwa ngawo ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-20 kunye neye-30s yokuqala, abasebenzisi be-marijuana baqala ukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu zeengxaki zotywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Amaphesenti angama-46 axelele ukuba aphinde ahlukunyezwa okanye axhomekeke kumsoko, kwaye ama-43 ekhulwini abe ngumxholongwane otywala .
Abasebenzisi bokugquma bebambiso basebenzisa ezinye iziyobisi kumazinga aphakamileyo, kubandakanya i-cocaine kunye nezinye izikhuthazo (iipesenti ezingama-48) i-heroin nezinye i-opioids (iipesenti ezili-14) kunye ne-hallucinogens (iipesenti ezingama-35).
Izinto eziziwayo zobungozi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
"Ukulawula ezinye izinto ezinobungozi bokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, la maxabiso aphakathi kuka-1.8 no-5.2 amaxesha aphezulu kunamazinga esiwabonayo kumawele angama-start aqala ukusebenzisa i-cannabis ngaphambi kwe-17," uLykeykey uthi.
Iziphumo zazifana noko xa kuthelekiswa kwaphela kumabini amabini afanayo.
Eminye imingcipheko yobutywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, abaphandi balawulwa ukubandakanya ukusela utywala okanye ukusetyenziswa kwecuba, ukuxabana komzali / ukuhlukana, ukuxhaphazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini, ukukhathazeka okukhulu, ukuxinezeleka okukhulu kunye nokuxhalaba kwentlalo .
"Ngokwenene sasilindele ukuba ngokusebenzisa amawele kunye nokulawula imiphumo yezofuzo neentsapho, siza kufumana ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwangoko," kusho uLykeykey. "Kodwa olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba kukho ngakumbi ulwalamano kunokuba sasicinga ngaphambili."
Ukuqaphela Ingozi eyanda
Umphandi okhokelayo uAndreath Heath, D.
UFil, u-Olin uprofesa we-Psychiatry kunye nomlawuli we-Missouri Alcoholism Research Centre e-Washington University School of Medicine, wamangaliswa.
"Ndicinga ukuba into ebalulekileyo ebhekisela kubazali abaneminyaka eyi-16 basebenzisa inambuzane kukuba isininzi sabantwana abasisebenzisa i-cannabis abahlali beengxaki kwiziyobisi okanye utywala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba thina, njengabazali kunye njengentlanga, qaphela ukuba kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo, "uHeath uthi.
Akucaci ukuba kusetyenziswe njani i-marijuana kwangaphambili ukuba inxulumene neengxaki zengxaki kamva. Nangona olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba imfuza kunye neendawo zendalo zodwa azikwazi ukuchaza ingozi.
Umthombo:
Lynskey MT, et al. "Ukunyuka kweMveliso yokuLawulwa kweziDakamizwa kwiiNkqubo zokuLawula i-Cannabis yokuqala kunye noLawulo lwee-twin." JAMA, uJan. 22, 2003