Izigaba eziyi-8 Sonke Sihamba Ngokwe-Erik Erikson
Kulo lonke ixesha lethu lokuphila, sonke sihamba kwiinkalo ezithile zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwengqondo ezinokuthi zenze igalelo okanye ziphazamise ulonwabo kunye nempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo. Ngako-ke iya ingcamango echazwe ngu-Erik Erikson, isazi seengqondo seMerika kunye ne-psychoanalyst owazalelwa eJamani ngo-1902. U-Erikson wafa ngo-1994, eshiya emva nje ingcamango yakhe yesigxina yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kodwa negama elithi "ingxaki yesazisi."
Kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ngamnye wethu ubhekene nxamnye nempikiswano ethile, u-Erikson wacebisa. Nantsi ukukhangela okufutshane kwezi zigaba, ingxabano echaza nganye, nokuba ingaba njani inokunceda ukuma impilo yengqondo.
Isigaba 1
Ingquzulwano: Ithemba kunye nokungathembeki . Kwizigaba zokuqala zobuntwaneni, sibhekene nombuzo othi ngubani ebomini bethu esinokuthembela kuye ukuba asinakekele kwaye ngubani esingenako. Abantwana abafunda ukuba banokuba nethemba kwaye baxhomekeke kubazali nakwabanye abanakekeli bavela kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngengqondo yokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko. Abo bangakwazi ukuzithemba abanonophelo banokushiywa benomdla wokuba ihlabathi lingathembekanga.
Isigaba 2
Ingxabano : Ukuzimela ngokumalunga nokuhlazeka nokungabaza . Njengoko abantwana baqhubeka bezimeleyo, banikezwa ithuba lokuzimela-ngamanye amagama, ukuba bangafanele bathembele kwabanye ngenxa yento yonke-banokuthi bahlakulele ingqiqo enamandla yokuzimela kunye nokuzimela.
Xa abazali kunye nabanakekeli benza konke umntwana, unokushiywa entloni okanye engathandabuzekiyo ngamakhono akhe.
Isigaba 3
Ingquzulwano: Ulungelelaniso ngokuchasene netyala . Xa abantwana bevunyelwe ukuba bahlanganyele kwizinto ezizimeleyo kunye nokudlala, bafunda indlela yokuthatha isinyathelo sokukhula kunye nophuhliso lwabo.
Abantwana abayiphumelele ngempumelelo le ngxabano bahlakulela injongo, ngelixa abo abangayilunganga kakuhle le ngxabano banokushiywa benetyala.
Isigaba 4
Ingquzulwano: Icandelo ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ongaphantsi . Isikolo kunye noontanga badlala indima enkulu kwisiphumo salo mbambano. Abantwana abahamba kakuhle kunye nabanye abantwana babo ubudala kunye nabaqhuba kakuhle esikolweni baya kuvela kule nqanaba bazive benakho. Abo bangakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ekusebenzisaneni kwezentlalo kunye nemingeni yezemfundo bangagqiba bazive bephantsi kwaye banokuzithemba.
Isigaba 5
Ukungquzulana: Ubuni kunye nendima yokudideka . Eli nqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwengqondo lwenzeka ngexesha leminyaka eliselula xa abantwana beqala ukuhlola iindima ezintsha njengoko besondela kubantu abadala. Ukusingatha le mpixano ngokufanelekileyo kukukhokelela kwingqiqo ebonakalayo yobuntu. Labo abazabalazela kweli nqanaba banokushiywa bexakekile malunga nokuba bangobani kwaye bafuna ukwenzani ngokuphila kwabo.
Isigaba 6
Ukungqubuzana: Ukulwa nobudlelwane . Ukwakha izibophelelo ezinamandla nabanye abantu, ngokukodwa ngokuqhotyoshelweyo, kuthatha indima ebalulekileyo ekuxazululeni le ngxabano yabantu abadala. Abo baphumelelayo banako ukuhlakulela ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye obuhlalayo ngelixa abo bahlulekayo banokuphelisa bazive bekhulile kwaye banesizungu.
Isigaba 7
Ingquzulwano : Ukuveliswa kwemvelo ngokumalunga nokuhlaselwa . Abantu bafuna ukuvakalelwa ukuba bancedise into ehlabathini, kwaye ukuphumelela ngempumelelo kule ngxabano kubandakanya ukufezekiswa okufana nokukhulisa intsapho, ukuphumelela emsebenzini, nokuzinikela ngokuzithandela kuluntu. Ngeli nqanaba labantu abadala, abantu abangakwazi ukwenza oku bahlala beziva bexhunyiwe kwilizwe lonke.
Isigaba 8
Ingquzulwano: Ukunyaniseka nokuphelelwa ithemba . Ngeli nqanaba lokugqibela leengcamango ka-Erikson yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, abantu asebekhulile bebukela ebomini babo abaziva banelisekile ngabo bonke abaye bafumana kwaye bafezekile baya kuvela ngoluvo lobulumko kunye nokwaneliseka.
Abo bazisolayo nabangakwazi ukuqonda iimpumelelo zabo okanye baxabise ubuncwane bobubomi abaye bahlala nabo banokuphela beziva bebuhlungu.