Ukuqonda i-Erikson'sTheory of Development Psychosocial
Ubume malunga nokudideka yinqanaba lesihlanu le-ego ngokutsho kwengcali yengqondo ye- Erik Erikson yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo . Eli nqanaba lwenzeka ngexesha lokukhula phakathi kweminyaka engama-12 no-18. Ngeli nqanaba, intsha ihlola ukuzimela kwayo kwaye ihlakulele ingqiqo.
Ngokuka-Erikson, abantu baqhubekela phambili ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezigaba njengoko bekhula beguqula ubomi.
Ngexesha ngalinye, abantu bajamelana neengxabano zentuthuko ekufuneka zixazululwe ukuphucula ngempumelelo ubuchule bokuqala belo nqanaba. Wayenomdla kwindlela intsebenziswano yentlalontle kunye nolwalamano oluchaphazela ngayo uphuhliso kunye nokukhula.
Yintoni Ubume Bokuba?
Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-Erikson ye-psycholocial stage theory kukuphuhliswa kwe-identity ego. Ingqondo eyaziwayo yokuba sihlakulela ngokusebenzisana kwezentlalo, ehlala iguqukayo ngenxa yamava amatsha kunye nolwazi esilutholayo ekusebenzisaneni kwethu kwansuku zonke nabanye.
Ngethuba lolwazi malunga nendawo yokudibanisa, le ngxabano ijolise ekuphuhliseni ubunikazi buntu. Ukugqiba ngokuphumelelayo eli nqanaba kukhokelela ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza okuza kuqhubeka ubomi.
Ukuqwalasela ngokugqithiseleyo i-Identity ngokumalunga ne-Confusion Stage
- Ulwaphulo lwengqondo: Ubunikazi ngokuchaseneyo
- Umbuzo Omkhulu: "Ndingubani na?"
- Ubuhle obuyisiseko: Ukunyaniseka
- Imiba ebalulekileyo: Ulwalamano loluntu
Njengoko batshintsha ukusuka ebuntwaneni baze babe ngabantu abadala, intsha ingaqala ukuziva ididekile okanye ingakhuselekanga ngokwayo kunye nendlela ihambelana ngayo noluntu. Njengoko bezama ukumisa umqondo, abafana banokuzama ukukhetha iindima ezahlukeneyo, imisebenzi kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokuka-Erikson, oku kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokwenza ubume obuqinileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa umgaqo-ndlela ebomini.
Uphuhliso Ngethuba Leminyaka Yokukhula
Ukuziphatha kwentsha kubonakala kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kwaye kungabonakali, kodwa konke oku kuyingxenye yenkqubo yokufumana ubungqina besazisi. Abazali kunye namalungu entsapho bayaqhubeka benempembelelo kwindlela abantwana abavakalelwa ngayo ngokwabo, kodwa imikhosi engaphandle ibaluleke ngakumbi ngeli xesha. Abahlobo, amaqela asekuhlaleni, abafunda nabo esikolweni, iindlela zentlalo, kunye nenkcubeko ethandwayo yonke into idlala indima ekubunzeni nasekuzileni.
Abo bafumana ukhuthazo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuqiniswa ngokuhlola ngokuzenzekelayo baya kuvela kweli nqanaba benengqiqo yokuzimela kunye nesimo sokuzimela nokulawula. Abo bahlala benganyaniseki ngeenkolelo zabo kunye neminqweno baya kuhlala bekhuselekile baze badideke malunga nabo kunye nekamva.
Ukuxazulula ingxaki kule nqanaba lophuhliso kubandakanya ukuzinikela kwesazisi esithile. Oku kungabandakanya ukuhamba kwindlela yokusebenza, ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi iqela eluntwini ukudibanisa kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela yokuziphatha.
Abo baphumelele bahlakulele ukunyaniseka, ubuhle beengqondo obubonakaliswa ngamandla okuba baxhamle nabanye kwaye babe nobuhlobo bokwenene. Olu lwazi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisigaba esilandelayo esibizwa ngokuba sisondlo kunye nokuzimela .
Ngoko, kwenzeka ntoni kwabo bangapheli ngempumelelo ukuba benze i-ID kule ndawo ekuphuhlisweni? Abantwana abangavumelekanga ukuba bahlolisise kwaye bavavanye iifayile ezahlukeneyo basenokushiywa noko u-Erikson ekubhekiselele kuyo njengendima yokudideka. Aba bantu abaqinisekanga ukuba bangobani okanye bafuna ukuthini. Bavame ukukhuphuka emsebenzini omnye okanye ulwalamano nomnye, abazange baqiniseke ukuba bafuna ukwenzani ngokuphila kwabo. Esikhundleni sokuvakalelwa ngentsingiselo yokuzibandakanya, bahlala beziva badaniwe kwaye badidekile malunga nendawo yabo ebomini.
> Imithombo
> Erikson, EH (1963). Ubuntwana kunye noMbutho. (I-2nd ed.). ENew York: Norton.
> Erikson, EH (1968). Ubume: Ulutsha kunye neNtlekele. ENew York: Norton.
> Erikson, EH (1982). Ubomi boBomi bugqityiwe. Norton, eNew York / eLondon.