Isigaba sesi-8 se-Erikson ye-Psychosocial Development Theory
Ukunyaniseka ngokubhekiselele kwithemba kuyinqanaba lesibhozo kunye nesigxina se- Erik Erikson yecandelo lesigaba sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo . Eli nqanaba liqala malunga nama-65 ubudala kwaye liphela ekufeni. Iingcali zengqondo, abacebisi, kunye nabahlengikazi namhlanje zisebenzisa izicatshulwa zezigaba ze-Erikson xa kunika inkxaso abantu abagulayo.
Inkolelo ka-Erikson ibonisa ukuba abantu badlulela kwizigaba ezi-8 zokukhula ezihlukeneyo njengoko zikhula kwaye zitshintsha ubomi.
Nangona ezininzi iingcamango zentuthuko zihlala zijolise ekugqibeleni kwiziganeko zobuntwaneni, u-Erikson wayengomnye wezobugcisa ezimbalwa ukujonga uphuhliso kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila. Wayengomnye wabokuqala ukujonga inkqubo yokuguga ngokwayo njengenxalenye yophuhliso loluntu.
Kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, abantu bajamelene neengxaki ezisebenza njengento yokuguquka. Ukusombulula ngempumelelo intlekele kukukhokelela ekuphuhliseni ubuhle beengqondo obangela inhlalakahle yengqondo. Kwi-intembeko ngokubhekiselele ekuphelelweni kwexesha, iimpikiswano eziphambili zokungabaza ukuba ngaba umntu ngokwakhe uye wabangela ubomi obunenjongo nolwanelisayo.
Ingqwalasela yoBungqina kunye neNkathazo yokuThemba
- Ulwaphulo lwengqondo: Ukunyaniseka nokuphelelwa ithemba
- Umbuzo Omkhulu: "Ngaba ndiphile ubomi obunentsingiselo?"
- Ubuhle obuyisiseko: Ubulumko
- Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo: Ukucinga ngokubuyela ebomini
Ukunyaniseka kokuphelelwa ithemba kukuqala xa umntu omdala eqala ukujongana nengxaki yokufa kwakhe.
Ukuqala kwesi sigaba kudla ngokubangela iziganeko zobomi ezifana nokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, ukulahlekelwa ngumlingane, ukulahlekelwa ngabahlobo kunye nabaziwayo, abajongene nokugula kwesigulane, kunye nezinye iinguqu kwiindima ezinkulu ebomini.
Ngeli thuba, abantu babuyisela emuva ebomini abaye baphila baze bahambe kunye nomoya wokwaneliseka kwimeko yokuphila ubomi okanye ukuzisola nokuphelelwa lithemba ngenxa yokuphika ubomi.
Ukusombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki kule nqanaba kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni koko u-Erikson ekubhekiselele kuyo njengengqibelelo ego . Abantu bakwazi ukujonga emva kwabo ebomini babo ngomxholo wokwaneliseka kwaye babhekane nokuphela kobomi ngengqiqo yobulumko kwaye bangazisoli. U-Erikson uchaze lo bulumko ngokuthi "inkxalabo enolwazi kunye nolwazi oluxhomekeke kubomi ngokwabo nakubhekene nokufa ngokwaso."
Abo baziva baqhenyiswa ngempumelelo yabo baya kuvakalelwa ngqiqo. Ukugqiba ngokuphumelelayo kwesi sigaba kuthetha ukujonga emva emva kokuzisola okumbalwa kunye nokwaneliseka jikelele. Aba bantu baya kufumana ubulumko, nangona xa bejamelana nokufa.
Abo bangaphumeleli ngeli nqanaba baya kuziva ukuba ubomi babo buye bachitha kwaye baya kuzisola. Umntu uya kushiywa enomvandalo kunye nokuphelelwa yithemba.
Umzekelo woBungqina kunye nokuPhelelwa kwesithemba
NgoJuni kwaphela iminyaka engama-65 kwaye usandul 'umhlalaphantsi emsebenzini wakhe njengomfundisi wesikolo. Njengoko eqala ukubonakalisa emuva ebomini bakhe, ufumanisa ukuba ufumana iimvakalelo zokwaneliseka kunye nokuzisola okumbalwa. Ukongezelela kumsebenzi njengomfundisi oneminyaka engama-30, waza wakhulisa abantwana abane kwaye enobudlelwane obuhle nabo bonke abantwana bakhe.
Uyaziqhayisa ngeminyaka yakhe efundisa abantwana abancinci kunye nokuhlala kunye nabazukulwana bakhe abancinci bamshiya ngengqiqo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intombi yakhe encinci iqhuma emsebenzini ukuya emsebenzini kwaye rhoqo kufuneka icele uJuni ngoncedo lwemali. NgoJuni ngamangalisa ngamanye amaxesha ukuba kukho into ayenokwenza ukuze amise intombi yakhe ngendlela engcono. NgoJuni naye uvakalelwa ngokuzisola kangangokuthi akazange alandele umgangatho wesigidi esiphezulu kwaye waya kwindima yokulawula.
Njengabantu abaninzi, uJuni ubheka emva kwakhe ebomini kwaye ubona zombini izinto azizikhukhumeleyo kunye nezinto azizisola ngazo. Indlela asombulula ngayo eli ntlekele inquma ukuba uya kufezekisa ingqibelelo ye-ego okanye ukuba uya kushiywa kuphela ngeemvakalelo.
Nangona eqonda ukuba kukho ezinye izinto ayenokwenza ngokungafaniyo ukuba unokufumana ithuba, uJuni uvakalelwa kukuba uyaziqhenya nokuzifezekisa ebomini bakhe. Wenza igalelo elixabisekileyo kuluntu, ngokuphumelela ukuphakamisa intsapho kwaye rhoqo xa ecinga ngabazukulwana bakhe uyaqonda ukuba unike into ethile kwihlabathi eliya kuphuma ekugqibeleni.
Njengoko ejongene nokuphela kobomi bakhe, uJuni uvakalelwa kukuba uyagqibelela kwaye uyakwazi ukubukela emva kwaye ubhekane nezinto ezizayo ngengqondo noxolo.
> Imithombo:
> Erikson, EH (1982). Ubomi boBomi bugqityiwe. Norton, eNew York / eLondon.
> Giblin JC. Ukuguga Okuphumelelayo. I-Journal ye-Nursing Psychosocial and Health Health Services . 2011. Ithenda: 10.3928 / 02793695-20110208-01.
> I-Perry TE, i-Hassevoort L, i-Ruggiano N, i-Shtompel N. Ukusebenzisa ubulumko buka-Erikson ekuziphatheni okuzilawulayo kwabantu abadala abakhulileyo: Iziphumo ezivela kwiZifundo ezimbini zeeNkalo. Uphando malunga nokuguga . 2015; 37 (3): 253-274. i-doi: 10.1177 / 0164027514527974.