Isigaba se-7 soPhuhliso lwezeNtlalo
Ubudala kunye nokuhlaliswa kwinqanaba lesixhenxe leesibhozo ze- Erik Erikson yecandelo lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo . Eli nqanaba lwenzeka phakathi kwabantu abadala phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 no-65.
Ngeli xesha, abantu abadala balwela ukudala okanye ukunyusa izinto eziya kuphuma; kaninzi ngabazali bomntwana okanye ekuncedeni kwiinguqu ezintle ezizuzisa abanye abantu.
Ukuxhasa uluntu kunye nokwenza izinto ukuzuza izizukulwana ezizayo ziyimfuno ezibalulekileyo ekuveleni komgangatho ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa .
Ubudala bubhekisela "ekwenzeni uphawu" kwihlabathi ngokunyamekela abanye kunye nokudala nokufezekisa izinto ezenza umhlaba ube yindawo engcono.
Ukunqongophala kubhekiselele ekusileleni ukufumana indlela yokufaka isandla. Aba bantu banokuziva banqanyuliwe okanye bengavunyelwanga kunye noluntu lwabo kunye noluntu lonke.
Abo baphumelele kweli nqanaba baya kuziva ukuba begalelo kwihlabathi ngokusebenza kwiindawo zabo nakwiindawo zabo.
Abo bangaphumeleli ukufumana olu buchule baya kuziva bengenakuvelisa kwaye bengenakuvulwa kwihlabathi.
Isishwankathelo esiphuthumayo kweli nqanaba:
- Ulwaphulo lwengqondo: Ukuveliswa kweMvelo kunye nokuHlala
- Umbuzo Omkhulu: "Ndingayinceda njani kwihlabathi?"
- Ubuhle obuyisiseko: Unonophelo
- Isiganeko esibalulekileyo: Ubuzali kunye noMsebenzi
Iziganeko zoBudala kunye nokuHlala
Ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa ukubandakanya ukuzibophezela kwabanye abantu, ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye nosapho, ukucebisa abanye kunye nokunikela kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Njengoko unokucinga, ezi ntlobo zezinto ziqheleke ngokufumana nokukhulisa abantwana.
Ezinye iziganeko zesigxina ziquka ukuzimelela, ukungakwazi ukuzibandakanya nabanye, ukungabi nentshisekelo kwimveliso, akukho mizamo yokuphucula ngokwabo kunye nokubeka iingxakini zakho ngaphezu kwayo yonke into.
Enye into ekufuneka uyiqaphele ngale nqanaba kukuba iziganeko zokuphila zihlala zingaphantsi kwexesha elide kunokuba zikhona ngexesha lokuqala kunye nexesha lokugqibela. Iziganeko eziphambili ezithintelayo kule nqanaba ezifana nomtshato, umsebenzi kunye nokuveliswa kwabantwana kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na indawo ngexesha elibanzi kakhulu eliphakathi kwabantu abadala.
Kule ngxaki ebomini abanye abantu banokubona oko kudla ngokuba kuthiwa " yinkinga yokuphila phakathi kwabantu . " Abantu banokubuyiselwa emva kobufezeko babo kwaye bacinge ngekamva labo baze bazisole. Kwezinye iimeko le nto inokuquka ukuzisola ngamathuba alahlekileyo njengokuya esikolweni, ukuqhubela phambili umsebenzi okanye ukuba nabantwana.
Kwezinye iimeko, abantu bangasebenzisa le nkathazo njengethuba lokwenza utshintsho ebomini babo obuya kubakho ukuzaliseka okukhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba yindlela abantu abayichaza ngayo ukuzisola okuchaphazela impilo yabo. Abo bavakalelwa kukuba benze iimpazamo bachitha ixesha labo, kwaye abanako ixesha lokwenza utshintsho banokushiya beziva bebuhlungu.
Kukho neemeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela iimvakalelo zobutyebi ngokubhekiselele kwiimvakalelo zokuxhamla kweli xesha. Abantu abanobudlelwane obuhle nabanye, impilo esemgangathweni kunye nomoya wokulawula ubomi babo baya kuziva bevelise ngakumbi kwaye banelisekile.
Abo bahluphekileyo kwimpilo embi, ubudlelwane obubi kunye nokuziva ukuba abanakho ukulawula i-future yabo, banokuvakalelwa kukuba banokuzivala.
Ukwandisa kwi-Generativity vs. Stagnation Stage
Uphando olutsha luye lwaphakamisa uphando olongezelelweyo lweengxabano eziphambili zendalo kunye nesigaba sokulahla. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukubambisana ngokubhekiselele kubodwa: Le ngongoma yeengxaki kwiindawo zokunyamekela kunye nokuba yeyiphi na umntu ofuna ukubandakanya ebomini bakhe. Eli nqanaba libonisa ukuthembela ngokungaqiniseki kwinqanaba lokuqala kwabantwana.
- Ukuzikhukhumeza kunye nentloni: Lo mbandela wobudala ngokubhekiselele kwisigaba sokunyuka kwesigxina sisekelwe kwisiqhelo sokuzikhukhumeza ukuba abantu abadala bayithatha intsapho yabo kunye nabantwana. Ngeendlela ezininzi, libonisa ukuzimela ngokumalunga neentloni kunye nokungathandabuzeki kwinqanaba lokuqala kwasebuntwaneni.
- Uxanduva ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yokuxhamla: Le ndawo yokukhusela abantu abadala ukuba ngaba abantu bakhetha ukuthatha uxanduva lokuphila kwabo kunye nokukhetha. Ibonisa iqhinga kunye necala lezono elibonwe ekuqaleni kwasebuntwaneni.
- Ukuvelisa ngokungafanelanga: Umsebenzi udlala indima enkulu ebuntwini abadala, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba umntu ngamnye wokuzikhukhumeza kunye nokufezekisa emsebenzini wakhe unokukhokelela kwimvakalelo yokuvelisa. Eli nqanaba libukela i-shishini ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho ongaphantsi kobuntwana.
- Ubuzali ngokuchasene nokuzibamba: Lo mbandela wamagumbi amakhulu abantu abafikelela kwiminyaka yokudala kunye nokunikela kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokubaluleka komntwana nangona kungabikho bonke abantu abavelisa abantwana ababaxhasa kwaye banike abazali kunye nabangenabantwana basakwazi ukunika isizukulwana esilandelayo ngeendlela ezinentsingiselo. Le nxalenye yobume ngokubhekisele kwisiteji sokunyuka kwesibonakaliso ibonisa ezininzi iinkalo zobuninzi bokuqala malunga nokudideka kokukhula.
- Ukunyaniseka ngokumelene nokukhanyela : Njengoko izigaba zendalo zifikelela ekufuphi kwaye abantu baya kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuphila, ukufumana iinjongo zentsingiselo indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukwazi ngokwabo kunye nokuziqonda kunendima ebalulekileyo ngeli nqanaba lobuninzi ngokubhekiselele kwisigaba sokunqongophala.
> Umthombo:
> Erikson, EH Ubuntwaneni kunye noMbutho . (I-2nd ed.). ENew York: Norton; 1993.
> Erikson, EH & Erikson, JM. Ubomi boBomi bugqityiwe. ENew York: Norton; 1998.