I-catharsis inkululeko yokukhululeka. Ngokweengcamango ze- psychoanalytic , ukukhululwa komoya kunxulumene nesidingo sokunciphisa iingxabano ezingenangqondo. Umzekelo, ukujamelana nokuxinezeleka kwiimeko ezinxulumene nomsebenzi kunokubangela iimvakalelo zokukhungatheka nokuxhatshazwa. Esikhundleni sokuvakala ngale mvakalelo ngendlela engafanelekiyo, loo mntu unokuthi akhulule le miva ngenye indlela, njengento yokusebenza okanye enye ingcinezelo yokunciphisa umsebenzi.
Eli gama ngokwayo livela kwisiGrike katharsis lithetha "ukuhlanjululwa" okanye "ukucocwa." Eli gama lisetyenziswe kunyango kunye nakwiincwadi. Iqhawe leveli liyakwazi ukufumana i-catharsis yomzwelo ekhokelela kwindlela ethile yokubuyisela okanye yokuvuselela.
I-Catharsis ibandakanya zombini inxalenye enemvakalelo enamandla apho iimvakalelo ezinamandla zivezwa kwaye zibonakaliswe, kunye nenxalenye engqiqweni apho umntu ezuza ulwazi olutsha. Injongo yaloo catharsis kukuzisa uhlobo oluthile lweenguqu ezintle ebomini bomntu.
Catharsis kwi Psychoanalysis
Eli gama lisetyenziswe ukususela kwixesha lamaGrike aseMandulo, kodwa kwakungumlingani kaSigfund Freud uJosef Breuer owayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa igama ukuchaza indlela yokwelapha. UBrauer wavelisa into awayebhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "unyango lwe-cathartic" lwe- hysteria . Unyango lwakhe lwalubandakanya ukuba izigulana zikhumbule amava amaninzi ngelixa liphantsi kwe-hypnosis.
Ngokuzibonakalise ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo ezaziye zatshatyalaliswa ixesha elide, uBrauer wafumanisa ukuba izigulane zakhe zafumana ukukhululeka kwiimpawu zabo.
UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba i-catharsis ingadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iimpawu zokubandezeleka. Ngokomxholo we-Psychoanalytic kaFrud, ingqondo yomntu iqulethwe ngezinto ezintathu eziphambili: ukuqonda, ukuqonda, nokungazi.
Ingqondo eyaziwayo iqulethe zonke izinto esizazi. I-preconscious iqulethe izinto esingenako ukuziqonda ngokukhawuleza kodwa ukuba singakwazi ukufikelela ekuqaliseni ngomzamo othile okanye ukunyusa. Ekugqibeleni, ingqondo engakwaziyo iyinxalenye yengqondo equlethe umthombo omkhulu weengcamango, iimvakalelo kunye neenkumbulo ezingenako ukuqonda.
Ingqondo engenalwazi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwingcamango kaFrud. Ngelixa iziqulatho zesazi zazingabonakali, wayekholelwa ukuba baqhubeka benempembelelo ekuphatheni nasekusebenzeni. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ze-psychotherapeutic ezifana nokuchazwa kwephupha kunye nentlalo yamahhala, uFrud wayekholelwa ukuba le mizwa neemvakalelo ezingenakukwazi ukuboniswa.
Kwincwadi yabo ethi Studies on Hysteria , uFrud noBreuer bachaza i-catharsis ngokuthi "inkqubo yokunciphisa okanye yokuphelisa ubunzima ngokukhumbuza ukuqonda nokuzivumela ukuba zichazwe."
UCatharsis udla indima namhlanje kwi-Freandian psychoanalysis. I-American Psychological Association ichaza inkqubo ngokuthi "ukukhutshwa kweempembelelo ezinxulumene neziganeko ezibuhlungu ezaziye zagxininiswa ngokuzisa ezi ziganeko ukuba zibuyiselwe kwaye ziphinde zivalele."
Catharsis ngoLwimi lweSuku lweeNkcubeko
Ixesha le-catharsis lifumene indawo kwimihla ngemihla, isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuchaza ixesha lokuqonda okanye amava okufumana ukuvalwa. Umntu ohamba ngokuqhawula umtshato angachaza ukuba unomzuzwana we-cathartic owanceda bavelise uxolo loxolo kwaye uncedise ukuba umntu adlule ubuhlobo obubi. Abantu baphinde bachaze ukufumana i-catharsis emva kokufumana uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo okanye oluxinzelelekileyo njengesiganeko sempilo, ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, ingozi okanye ukufa komntu othandekayo. Nangona isetyenziswe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-psychoanalysis, eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza umzuzu wemoya okhokelela ekubeni utshintsho oluhle ebomini bomntu.
Iingcali ezininzi zeengqondo: I-Psychology Dictionary
Iingxelo
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika. (2007). Inkcazelo yeengqondo. Washington, DC: Umbhali.
UBrauer, J., Freud, S. (1974). Izifundo kwi-hysteria . Harmondsworth: Iipenguin Books.