Ukugqithisa iingxaki zeengqondo
"Ukugqithisa" ibinzana elisetyenziswe ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ukuchaza nokuxilonga izifo zengqondo ezibonisa iingxaki zokuzithiba iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Umntu onesifo esiphuthumayo uqondisa ukungabikho komsebenzi, ukuziphatha kakubi ngaphandle (ngaphandle), kwabanye, kunokuba aguqule iimvakalelo zakhe zangaphakathi (ukuqhubela phambili).
Umntu ofunyanwe nayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokuphuma ngaphandle unengxaki yokulawula iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo aze azivakalise ngokuziphatha okuchasene nokuziphatha okuxhaphaza amalungelo abantu.
Ngokomzekelo, unokujongana nabanye abantu ngokukrakra nangobundlobongela, ukuchasana okanye "ukuthatha" igunya lamanani okanye ukuhlaselwa kwimimandla yoluntu.
Ziziphi iingxaki zengqondo zengqondo ezixhomekeke ngaphandle?
Inkqubo yesihlanu ye-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (I- DSM-5 ) amaqela angaphandle kweziphazamiso phantsi kwesihloko esisemthethweni "sokuphazamisa, ukuLawula umGudu kunye nokuPhatha kokuPhatha." Ziquka:
Ingxaki yoBuntu . Ngokungafani nezinye iziphazamiso zangaphandle, le ngxaki yesifo seCluster B ixutyushwa ngokubanzi kwi-DSM-5 phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Ukukhathazeka Kwamalungu," apho ichazwa ngokuthi "umzekelo wokungahoywa, nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu" kubantu abaneminyaka eyi-18 iminyaka okanye ngaphezulu ubudala ukuziphatha okungafaniyo kwaqala ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-15 ubudala.
Iingqinisiso zokufumanisa le disorderal disorder ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu ezibandakanya:
- Ukunganakwa nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abanye: umzekelo, ukuphula umthetho, ukuqamba amanga, ukuziphatha ngokungenakuphikelela, ukubonisa ukungakhathali kokungakhathali komntu okanye ukhuseleko lwabanye, kubonisa ukungabi nokuzisola
Ezinye izinto: Ukusekwa kwesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba iminyaka engama-15 kubandakanye ubungqina benkinga yokuziphatha.
Iingxaki ezichaseneyo. Iingqinisiso zokufumanisa le disorderal disorder ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu ezibandakanya:
- Umsindo onomsindo / onomsindo: Umntu uhlala e-1) ulahlekelwa ngumsindo wakhe, 2) uyathinteka okanye uphukise ngokukhawuleza, 3) uthukuthele kwaye unomsindo
- Ukuphikisa / ukuziphatha okungahloneliyo: Umntu kaninzi u-1) ugxininisa negunya lesigunyaziso okanye, ukuba umntwana okanye umntwana osemtsha, kunye nabantu abadala; 2) uyayenza okanye ayilawule ukuthobela imithetho okanye izicelo ezivela kumagunya okulawula; 3) uyabacaphukisa abanye ngamabomu; 4) uxela abanye ngeempazamo zakhe okanye ukuziphatha kakubi
- Ukunyaniseka (ukukhawuleza): Umntu ubonise ukuziphatha okungenani kabini kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezedlulileyo
Ezinye izinto: Ukuziphatha komntu kuhambelana nokukhathazeka kwakhe okanye kwabanye abantu abasondeleyo kuye, okanye kunempembelelo embi kumandla omntu okusebenza.
Ukuziphatha ngxaki. Iingqinisiso zokufumanisa le ngxaki yokuphuma ngaphandle ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu ezibandakanya:>
- Ukuziphatha kakubi kubantu nasezilwaneni: umzekelo, ukuxhatshazwa, ukusongela, ukusongela, ukuqala ukulwa, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezibulalayo, ukuxhaphaza abantu okanye izilwanyana
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropati: umzekelo, ukubeka ngamabomu umlilo okanye ukutshabalalisa impahla
- Ukukhohlisa
- Ubusela
- Ukuphulwa kakubi kwemigaqo yokuziphatha eyamkelekileyo
Ezinye izinto: Ukuziphatha komntu kuphazamisa kakhulu amandla akhe okusebenza kwintlalo okanye emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Kwakhona, yena, ukuba uneminyaka eyi-18 okanye ngaphezulu, akahlangabezananga neendlela zokuxilonga ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwabantu.
I-Pyromania (Ukubeka Umlilo). Iingqinisiso zokufumanisa le disorderal disorder ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu ezibandakanya:
- Ukumisela umlilo ngomlilo ngokuphindaphindiweyo
- Ukuvakalelwa okanye ukuvusa phambi kwesenzo
- Ukuxhamla, umdla, ukufuna ukwazi, okanye ukukhanga ngomlilo, izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuyibeka, kunye nemiphumo yaso yentlalo
- Imiva yokuzonwabisa, ukukhulula, okanye ukunyaniseka ngexesha kunye nangemva kwesenzo kunye nokubukela umlilo
- Ukungabikho kwesizathu sokubeka umlilo (njengemali okanye ukufihla isenzo sobugebengu)
Ezinye izinto: Ukumiswa komlilo akuchazekanga ngecandelo lomntu okanye ukuxilongwa kwimiba yokuziphatha okanye ukungabikho komntu.
I-Kleptomania (Ukuba). Iingqinisiso zokufumanisa le disorderal disorder ziquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu ezibandakanya:
- Ukungaphumeleli okuphindaphindiweyo ukuchasa umgudu wokuba izinto ezingenakudinga ukuzisebenzisa okanye ukufumana imali yazo
- Imvakalelo yokunyuka kwengxabano phambi kokuba
- Ukuzonwabisa, ukukhulula, okanye ukunyaniseka ngexesha lobusela
Ezinye izinto: Ubusela abuzibophezele ukuveza umsindo okanye impindezelo kwaye aziphenduli ukunyeliswa okanye ukucoca .
Ukuxhatshazwa kweziNtu . Iimpawu zokufumana ukuba le ngxaki iquka ukuhlanganiswa kweempawu kubantu abaneminyaka engama-6 nangaphezulu ababandakanya:
- Ukunyanzeliswa, ukungacwangciswanga, kunye nokunyanzeliswa komlomo, ukuhlaselwa ngokwenyama, kunye nomonakalo wepropati ongeyenziwe ukufezekisa izinto ezifana nemali okanye amandla
Eminye imiba: Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokudala ukucinezeleka okukhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi kumntu owenzayo, ube nemiphumo yemali okanye yomthetho kwaye akuchazwa kakuhle ngenye ingxaki yesifo sengqondo okanye yezokwelapha.
Qaphela: Iinkcazo ezimfutshane zinikezelwe ngasentla zijoliswe kukukunika imbonakalo esheshayo yeendlela zokuxilonga, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha (ukugqithisa ukuphazamiseka). Azibandakanyi amanqanaba amaninzi eenkcukacha zengcali yezempilo yengqondo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwenza nayiphi na yezi zifo. Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo, cela udokotela wakho.
Umthombo:
I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities of the Mind, Okwesibini. Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika (2015).