Nangona ukuba uthando lunye lweemvakalelo ezingundoqo zabantu (ezinye ziza kuthi zitsho ibaluleke kakhulu), uthando lusetshenziswe nje ngokutsha nje kwisifundo sesayensi. Ngokutsho kukaSigmund Freud (1910), ukufundiswa kwothando ngaphambili kudlulelwe "... umlobi obumba ukubonisa ngathi 'imimiselo efunekayo yokuthanda ... Ngenxa yoko, kuya kubaleka ukuba isayensi ifanele ixubushe ngokufanayo izixhobo ezinyango lwabaculi ziye zanikela ulonwabo kuluntu iminyaka eyiwaka. "
Nangona uphando malunga nale ngxaki lukhule ngokugqithiseleyo kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ukuhlola kwangaphambili kwimeko kunye nezizathu zothando zenza ukugxeka okukhulu. Ngee-1970, uSenator uWilliam Proxmire wayegxeke abaphandi ababefunda uthando baze bahlekisa umsebenzi njengenkunkuma yerhafu yerhafu (Hatfield 2001).
Ukususela ngeli xesha, uphando luye lwabonisa ukubaluleka kothando ekuphuculeni abantwana kunye nempilo yabantu abadala. Kodwa yintoni kanye uthando? Iingcali zeengqondo zichaza njani le mvakalelo ebalulekileyo?
U-Rubin's Scale of Liking and Loving
Ukusebenzisa indlela ye- psychometric ekuthandeni, isazi senzululwazi sezentlalo uZick Rubin sicwangcise isilinganisi esetyenziswe ukuhlola amanqanaba okuthandayo kunye nothando .
Ngokutsho kukaRubin, uthando lothando lwenziwa ngezinto ezintathu:
- Isiqhotyoshelweyo: Imfuno yokunyamekelwa kwaye ibe nomnye umntu. Ukuqhagamshelana nomzimba kunye nokuvunywa kwimiba ebalulekileyo yezinto eziqhotyoshelweyo.
- Ukunyamekela: Ukuxabisa abanye abantu ulonwabo kunye neemfuno njengokuba zakho.
- Ulwalamano: Ukuxelela iingcamango zangasese, iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno nomnye umntu.
Ngokusekelwe kulo mbono wothando lomthandane, uRubin wavelisa imibuzo emibili ukulinganisa ezi ziguquko. Ekuqaleni, uRubin wafumanisa imibuzo engama-80 eyenzelwe ukuvavanya isimo sengqondo umntu aphetheyo ngabanye.
Imibuzo yahlulwa ngokubhekiselele ukuba ingaba yayingabonakali okanye iyakuthanda.
Isikali sikaRubin sokuthandana nesothando sinike inkxaso ngenkcazo yakhe yothando. Kwisifundo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikali zahlula ngokwenene phakathi kokuthanda nokuthanda, uRubin wabuza inani labathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bazalise imibuzo yakhe ngokusekelwe kwindlela abavakalelwa ngayo malunga neqabane kunye nomhlobo omhle. Iziphumo zityhila ukuba abahlobo abalungileyo bafumana amanqaku aphezulu kwizinga elithandayo, kodwa kuphela abanye ababalaseleyo balinganisela phezulu kwizikali zothando.
Ngaba Uthando Lwezinto Eziphilayo okanye Ngaba Liyinkcubeko Yengqungquthela?
Iimbono zezinto eziphilayo zothando zivame ukujonga imvakalelo njengento yokuqhuba abantu. Nangona uthando luvame ukubonwa njengenye yeengcinga ezisisiseko ezifana nomsindo okanye ulonwabo, abanye baye bacetyiswa ukuba uthando luyinto yenkcubeko eyenzeka ngenxa yengcinezelo yentlalo kunye nokulindela. Kwinqaku lexesha , isazi sengqondo sengqondo kunye nomlobi u-Lawrence Casler wathi, "Andikholelwa ukuba uthando luyingxenye yendalo yabantu, kungekhona ingcaciso ngomzuzu.
Ukuba uthando lwaluyinkqubo yenkcubeko, yayiya kucinga ukuba uthando aluyi kuba khona kwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwe-anthropological lubonisa ukuba uthando luyimvakalelo yendalo yonke . Uthando luye lwachaphazeleka kakhulu kubini kunye neempembelelo zenkcubeko.
Nangona i-hormone ne-biology ibalulekile, indlela esichaza ngayo kwaye sivakalelwa ngayo le mvakalelo ithonywe yimigaqo yethu yothando.
Imithombo:
Grey, P. (1993, Februwari 15). Yintoni uthando? Ixesha . Ifunyenwe kwi-intanethi kwi-http: //www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977763-1,00.html
Hatfield, E. (2001). Elaine Hatfield. Ku-O'Connell (uMhl.) UElaine Hatfield. Iimodeli zofezekiso: Ukucamngca kwabasetyhini abasemagqabini kwengqondo, 3 , 136-147.