Kutheni ukuba yingxenye yeqela kunokunciphisa ukuqonda kwethu uxanduva
Ukwahlukana koxanduva ngumsebenzi weengqondo apho abantu bengenakukwazi ukuthatha inyathelo xa bekhona ebandleni elikhulu labantu.
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ukuba uhlala kwisixeko esikhulu esitalatweni esichukumisayo. Uyabona umntu ewela emhlabathini aze aqale ukuxubana njengokuba unokubanjwa. Abantu abaninzi baphenduka babone indoda, kodwa akukho mntu uhambayo ukunceda okanye ukubiza uncedo lwezonyango.
Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba baninzi abantu abakhoyo, akukho mntu uvakalelwa ukuba aphendule. Umntu ngamnye unokucinga ukuba, "Oo, mhlawumbi omnye umele ucele uncedo" okanye "Akukho mntu wenzayo nantoni na, ngoko akufanele kube yinto ebalulekileyo."
Le meko isetyenziswa ngokucacileyo ukucacisa umphumo wokumela , okubonisa ukuba inani elikhulu labantu abakhoyo, abantu abancinci banokukunceda umntu ekuhluphekeni. Oku akusikhombisi ukuba abantu abenzi ngenxa yokuba bengenalo imfesane, kodwa abanako ukulungisa imeko ephazamisayo njengoko iyaqhubeka, ngakumbi xa abanye bekhona.
UDarley noLatané ngoKwahlukana koXanduva
Kuluhlu lweemvavanyo zakudala ezenziwa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960, abaphandi uJohn Darley kunye neBabb Latané bacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bazalise umbuzo kwiqela elithile laqala ukuzalisa umsi.
Kwimeko enye izifundo zovavanyo zazisodwa xa umsi wangena kwigumbi.
Amashumi asixhenxe anesithandathu kwipesenti zezi zihloko zazisa umsi kubatshintshi ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwenye imeko, kwakukho isihloko kunye nabantu ababini abayingxenye yokulinga kwigumbi. Ekubeni abo babini bewutyeshela umsi, iipesenti ezili-10 kuphela "zezifundo" ezingabonakaliyo zabika umsi.
UDarley noLatané baphawule ukuba xa umntu ephawula ukuba kukho into eyenzekayo, kukho uluhlu lwezigqibo ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zenziwe kuqala.
Isinyathelo sokuqala siquka ngokwenene ukuqaphela ingxaki.
Emva koko, umntu kufuneka athethe isigqibo sokuba ngaba bayayibona ingozi.
Oku kulandelayo mhlawumbi sisona sigqibo esona sigqibo kakhulu kule nkqubo: Ukugqiba ukuthatha uxanduva lokuthatha isenzo.
Emva koko umntu kufuneka anqume oko kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe.
Ekugqibeleni, ummeli kufuneka athathe inyathelo.
Yintoni enzima kule nkqubo kukuba ezi zihlandlo zihlala zifuna ukuba zenziwe ngokukhawuleza. Kukho rhoqo into yengozi, uxinzelelo, ingxamiseko, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubungozi bomntu obuchaphazelekayo. Ukongeza kule imeko exinezelekileyo yingxaki yokungahambi kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha akucaci ukuba ngubani onenkathazo, into ephosakeleyo, okanye oko kufuneka kwenziwe.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukudibaniswa koxanduva
Abaphandi baye bafumana ezininzi izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokunyusa nokunciphisa amathuba okusabalalisa uxanduva. Ukuba ngaba ngabahlali abawaziyo ixhoba, abanako ukubanceda kwaye banokulindela ukuba omnye umntu kwisihlwele anike uncedo.
Ukuba ababukeli bengenakunyaniseka oko kwenzekayo, abacaci ngokubhekiselele kwintlekele, okanye abaqinisekanga ukuba umntu ufuna ngokwenene uncedo, ngoko banako ukuthatha inyathelo.
Kodwa abantu banokuthi bancede xa beva uhlobo oluthile loxhumo okanye ulwazi lomntu siqu lomntu onenkathazo. Ukuba ixhoba lijongana nomntu kwaye licela umntu othile ukuba ancede, loo mntu uya kuziva enyanzelekile ukuba athathe inyathelo.
Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abazange bangenele ukunceda kuba baziva bengakufanelekanga. Umntu ofumene uqeqesho oluthile ngoncedo lokuqala kunye neCPR mhlawumbi uya kuziva ukuba unako ukunika uncedo.
Amanye amaZiko okuPhathiswa koXanduva
Ngaba wade waba yinxalenye yeqela elisebenza emsebenzini kwaye unomuzwa wokuthi kwakungekho wonk 'ubani owayesondeza ubunzima bakhe? Oku kunokuba ngumzekelo wokusabalalisa uxanduva.
Abantu bazizwa bengenasisiseko sokusebenza kwiinjongo ezifanayo kunye nabanqabileyo banokuphuma baphume kwindlela yabo yokufihla ukuba bancinci kangakanani. Oku kwaziwa nangokuthi "ukutyiwa kwezentlalo."
Uluhlu oluninzi oluthile lokusabalalisa uxanduva luya kwenzeka kwimibutho engama-hierarchy. Abangaphantsi ababiza ukuba balandela imiyalelo bayakuphepha ukuthatha uxanduva lokuqhuba oko baziwayo ngokungekho mthethweni okanye kakubi. Olu hlobo lokuziphatha kweqela lukhokelela ekulwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu njengeNazi yoBuNazi.
> Imithombo:
> Darley, JM & Latané, B. "Ukungenelela kwamanyathelo kwiimeko eziphuthumayo: Ukuhlukana koxanduva." Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo 8: 377-383. i-doi: 10.1037 / h0025589, 1968.
> Kassin, S., Fain, S. & Markus, HR (2014). Psychology Social . Belmont, Calif: iWadsworth.