Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kukho ukuphikisana okukhulu malunga novavanyo lwesayensi luluthando. Uninzi lwabantu lubona uthando njengamangalisa kwaye lungaqiniseki. Nantsi emine imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga nendima yothando kwengqondo.
1. Ukufunda ngothando kunokuhluke njani kwezinye izihloko?
Ngee-1970, uSenator waseUnited States ogama linguWilliam Proxmire wanika i-psychologist u-Elaine Hatfield into awayibiza ngokuthi "i-Golden Fleece Award." Okubalulekileyo, wammangalela ngokuchitha inkokhelo yeerhafu ngokuphanda ngokungenamsebenzi kwothando.
Ngelo xesha, abaninzi abantu bavumelana naye.
Ukususela ngoko, uphando oluthandweni luye lunceda utshintsho indlela esijonga ngayo abazali, imfundo kunye nophuhliso lwabantwana . Kukho ukuhluka okubanzi kwindlela uthando olufundwa ngayo. Uvavanyo lukaHarry Harlow oluqhankqalayo oludityanisiweyo olubandakanyekayo lokunciphisa iinyana ezisemncinci zoqhagamshelwano loluntu, olubonise indlela ukuphazamiseka kothando kungabikho kuphuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Namhlanje, uninzi lwabaphandi abaphando basebenzisa i-self-report-surveys ukuze baqoke ulwazi malunga nesimo sengqondo, imbono kunye nokuphendula kwothando.
2. Kulo lonke ixesha, izazi zengqondo ziye zavela kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zothando. Ingaba kukho omnye ovunyelwene naye ngoku njengamanye?
Mhlawumbi imodeli eyaziwa kakhulu namhlanje yi-Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love. Isizathu sokuba le ngqungquthela ithatha ingqwalasela eninzi kukuba idibanisa ezininzi izinto ezitholakala kwiingcamango zangaphambili zothando . Ngokutsho kweSternberg, kukho izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zothando: ukuthandana, ukuthanda, nokuzimisela.
Ulwalamano olwakhiwe ngenye yezi zinto ngokuqhelekileyo lubonwa njengobuthathaka, ngelixa elinye elakhiweyo kwizinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zihlala zininzi. Ngokomzekelo, udibaniso lwesithando kunye nobudlelwane obusondeleyo luya kuba nguSternberg ubhekisela kuye ngokuthi " uthando olunomdla ." Ukudibanisa ubudlelwane obusondeleyo, uthando, kunye neendlela zokuzibophezela okokuthiwa "uthando oludlulileyo."
3. Ngaba zikhona iingxelo zangoku zidibanisa izibophelelo phakathi koonyana kunye nothando lwabazali omnye komnye kumntu omdala omthandayo kumlingane wakhe?
Ewe. Kukho uphando oluthile kule ndawo kutshanje. Inkolelo yendabuko iphakamise ukuba nangona ubudlelwane bomzali nabantwana busebenza njengesiseko esibalulekileyo sendlela zobudlelwane bokamva, ubuhlobo bokuqala phakathi kwabazali nabantwana abachazi ukuba umntu uya kuziphatha njani ngobudlelwane obudala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutshanje luye lwabonisa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kobudlelwane bethu bokuqala nothando kunye nolwalamano lwabantu abadala luya kunamandla kunokuba lucinge ngaphambili.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba abantu abajongwa njengokhuseleko ngokubuntwaneni bakhula ukuze babe nobudlelwane obunempilo obudala kunye nobudlelwane obudala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba abantu banokukunqoba ukuxhaswa kakubi ebuntwaneni ukuphucula ubudlelwane obunothando bokuthandana njengabantu abadala.
4. Ngaba abantu ngamanye amaxesha badinga uncedo ngothando, nokuba ngaba babona ingcali ukuba baxoxe ngeengxaki zabo okanye baphathwe ngenxa yokudandatheka okanye ezinye iingxaki zengqondo?
Enye yeemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezinikezwa oogqirha kunye neengcali zibizwa ngokuba ngu "Uvavanyo lwehlabathi jikelele lweeNtsebenzo." Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswe ukujonga zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu ukuze ubone indlela umntu asebenza ngayo.
Uthando luwela phantsi kweyambule yentsebenzo yentlalo. Iingxaki zothando kunye nolwalamano oluxhamlayo zingabonakalisa iingxaki ezinkulu, ngoko ke iingcali ezininzi zithatha le ngcaciso ngokubaluleka. Uninzi oogqirha kunye neengqondo zeengqondo ziyavuma ukuba ubunzima bobudlelwane bobuhlobo bunjengemeko enzulu yokhathaza imfuno efuna uncedo oluthile.
Olunye uhlobo lweyeza elisebenzisayo ukuncedisa ubunzima bezantlupheko ezifana noluthando luyonyango, olujolise kwiinkcukacha kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki kunye nobudlelwano bobudlelwane. Liyonyango elifutshane elifutshane elisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba imiba ebomini bethu bobubodwa ibonakala kwiintsholongwane zengqondo kunye neempawu ezifana nokudandatheka.
> Imithombo:
> UGleeson G, uFitzgerald A. Ukuhlolisisa uMbutho phakathi kweendlela zokuQinisa zabadala kwiintsebenziswano zothando, iingcamango zabazali abavela kubuntwaneni kunye noXhabo lwaBudlelwane . ZeMpilo . Julayi 2014; 6: 1643-1661. i-doi: 10.4236 / impilo.2014.613196.
> Kumar SA, Mattanah JF. Isinamathiselo sabazali, ubuchule bothando, ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane, kunye nokulungiswa kwengqondo kwimeko yabantu abadala. Ubudlelwane bomntu . NgoNovemba 9, 2016 (23): 801-817. i-doi: 10.1111 / pere.12161.