Esemngciphekweni woMngcipheko weengxaki zengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha
Kulinganiselwa ukuba omnye kwabantwana abane e-United States ubonakaliswe utywala okanye utywala kweziyobisi kwintsapho yabo. Izigidi zabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 zihlala ekhaya kunye nomzali omnye onxilisayo.
Uphando lusitshela ukuba aba bantwana bayingozi enkulu yeengxaki zeengqondo, iimvakalelo kunye neendlela zokuphila. Ngaphezulu koko, kuba bangabantwana basxila, banomngcipheko wezemvelo kunye neyona ndawo ephezulu yokusingatha izidakwa ngokwabo.
Nangona baninzi bala bantwana bahlakulela iingxaki ezinzulu, abaninzi babo baphila ngamava okukhula kwindlu elinxilisayo ngaphandle kokuvelisa nayiphi na ingqondo yengqondo okanye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Iingxaki zokuCombulula
Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ngelixa abantwana abaninzi benxila bahlakulele iingxaki ezinzima zokwenza i-18 ubudala, uninzi (59%) aluzange lube neengxaki ezinjalo.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abantwana banelisekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba basebenze kakuhle nangona amava abelane ngazo ezi zinto:
- Ukukwazi ukufumana ingqalelo ebalulekileyo kwabanye
- Izakhono ezinxibelelwano ezifanelekileyo
- Umyinge wobulumko
- Isimo sengqondo
- Umnqweno wokufezekisa
- Inkolelo yokuzinceda
IQ engezantsi, iiNgqungquthela zemibhalo
Izifundo ezininzi ezithelekiswa nabantwana benxila kubantwana beengcolileyo zijolise kwimisebenzi yokuqonda. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba i-IQ epheleleyo, ukusebenza, kunye namazwi angaphantsi kwabafundi abaphakanyiswe ootata , xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abaphakanyiswa ngabazali abangenalo utywala.
Olunye uhlolisiso lufumene i-IQ epheleleyo neengxelo zomlomo, kodwa kungekhona kwiimvavanyo zokusebenza (umlinganiselo weengcamango ezingabonakaliyo nengqiqo).
Ukusebenza kwiRanges eziqhelekileyo
Uhlolisiso lwabantwana abanxilisayo abaneentsapho zabo ezifundiswayo nabazali babo abahlala ekhaya bafumanisa ukuba amanqaku aphantsi e-IQ, i-arithmetic, ukufunda, kunye namazwi omlomo kubantwana kwiintsapho ezinxilisayo .
Nangona kunjalo, nangona amanqaku aphantsi, abantwana bezindlu ezinxilisayo baqhutyelwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlola iimvavanyo kuzo zonke izifundo ezingentla.
Ukunyaniseka kwamakhono abo
Olunye uhlolisiso lwabaxhamli kwiintsapho ezingazange zithinteke zifumananga akukho mahluko kumanqaku abo xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana kwiintsapho ezingekho phantsi kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, bafumanisa ukuba abantwana bezonxilisayo bancancisa ubuchule babo.
Ukongezelela, bafumanisa ukuba oomama wabanxilisayo baxhomekeke kwizakhono zabantwana babo. Le ngcamango inokuchaphazela ukukhuthazwa kwabantwana, ukuzithemba , kunye nokusebenza kwangomso, abaphandi bathi.
Ukusebenza kwezemfundo, kunokuba izikolo ze-IQ, zibe ngumlinganiselo olungcono wemiphumo yokuhlala nomzali onxilisayo. Abantwana abaninzi banxilisayo baneengxaki zezemfundo.
Abaninzi baneengxaki zezemfundo
Ezi ngxaki zibandakanya:
- Ukuphindaphinda amabakala
- Ukungaphumeleli ukuphumelela esikolweni esiphakeme
- Ukudluliselwa kwii-psychologists ezikolweni
Ubunzima bokukhuthaza kunye nokuxinezeleka kwimo engqongileyo kunokufaka isandla kwiingxaki zezemfundo, nakuba iingxaki ezingenakucatshulwa zingaba necala lokutshutshisa, abaphandi bakholelwa.
Ukuphakama okuphakamileyo koxinzelelo, ukuxhalabisa
Ukusela utywala komzali kudibene nenani leengxaki zengqondo kubantwana babo.
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemvakalelo yabantwana abanxilisayo kunokuchaphazeleka kakubi ngokuqhawula umtshato, ukukhathazeka komzali okanye ukuphazamiseka kweengxaki, okanye utshintsho olungathandekiyo kwintsapho okanye kwiimeko zobomi.
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zafumanisa ukuba abantwana abasuka kumakhaya anxilisayo banamaqondo aphezulu okudakumba nokuxhalabisa kwaye babonisa iimpawu ezingakumbi zoxinzelelo olubanzi kunabantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezingekho phantsi kweengxaki.
Uxinzelelo oludlulileyo
Abantwana benxilisayo babonisa iimpawu zokudandatheka ezingakumbi kuba abantwana bezindlu ezingekho ngotywala kunye nokuxinezeleka kwabo okubikwayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinqanaba elincinane, abaphandi bafumene.
Abantwana abasuka kumakhaya anxilisayo badla ngokuxilongwa ngokuba neengxaki zokuziphatha. Ootitshala babo bavame ukulinganisa njengento engapheliyo kwaye ingabonakaliyo kunabantwana bezindlu ezingekho phantsi kwemizi.
Iingxaki zokuziphatha
Iingxaki zokuziphatha zabantwana bezidakila ziquka:
- Ukukhohlisa
- Ukuba
- Ukulwa
- Utywala
- Iingxaki zokuziphatha zesikolo
UkuKhululeka koLwaphulo, ukuThuthuka
Abantwana benxilisayo basengozini enkulu yokungahlambulukanga kunye nokuhamba kwezikolo. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kotywala kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuphazamiseka kwabantwana abanxilisayo.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba iintsapho zezidakwa zinamazinga aphantsi:
- Ulwalamano lwentsapho
- Ukucacisa
- Ukuzimela
- Ukuziqhelanisa nobuchule
Iintsapho ezinxilisayo zinamazinga aphezulu okulwa, ukungakwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki, kunye noqhagamshelwano olubi, kodwa ezo ngxaki zifumaneka kwiintsapho ezinengxaki ngaphandle kotywala. Nangona kunjalo, kwikhaya elinxilisayo, umzali oqhubekayo ukusela uphawula ekuphazamiseni ubomi bentsapho.
Iimpembelelo zentsapho Ukungasebenzi
Eminye yemiba ejongene nabantwana benxilongo ayinakuxhamla ngokukodwa ekudakwa kotywala kwintsapho ngokwayo, kodwa ekungasebenzi kwezenhlalakahle nezengqondo ukuba ikhaya elidakayo lingavelisa.
Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba abantwana abanomdakwa onxilisayo abanako ukufumana izidakwa ngokwabo ukuba ngaba abazali babo bahlala behleli baze balandele kwizicwangciso kwaye bahlale bekholo lweentsapho njengeeholide kunye nexesha lokudla rhoqo.
Umzali Ukungena Ekubuyiseleni Uyakusiza
Ukongezelela, uphando oluthile lufumanise ukuba xa umzali ophuzayo eyeka ukusela aze ahlaziywe, kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo kubantwana. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba iimvakalelo ezisetyenziswayo kubantwana bokufumana izidakwa zazidityaniswe nazo zabantwana abangabinxila.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olufanayo lufumanisa ukuba abantwana bezonxilisayo babika amanqanaba aphezulu okuxhalabisa kunye nokudandatheka xa umzali wabo onxilisayo ebuyela kwakhona.
Abantwana bezinye iiHome ezingasebenzi
Enye ubunzima obujamelene nabaphandi ababhekiselele kwimiphumo kubantwana bokukhula kwimizi yotywala bazama ukuqonda ubungakanani beengxaki kunye nokuba baxhamene ngqo notywala okanye kwezinye iindlela zokuziphatha kakubi.
Amaxesha amaninzi abaphandi banokugqithisa ubungakanani beengxaki kuba abathathi-nxaxheba kwizifundo zabo bathatyathwa kubantwana abasenkingeni okanye kunyango. Ulutsha oluchaphazelekayo kuphela olungeniswa unyango kunye nenkqubo yobulungisa, ngoko ke ezo "iisampuli" zeklinikhi zingase zibe zibi kakhulu.
Ayingasebenzi kumanqanaba amaninzi
Kwakhona kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba iingxaki ezichazwe kubantwana benxila zizodwa malunga nokusela utywala, okanye zenzeka rhoqo ngezinye iintsapho ezingasebenzi. Ukuba kunjalo, iingxaki ezinokuthi zingabi ngotywala.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba, inyaniso isala ukuba amakhaya anomzali onxilisayo angaba nzima kakhulu kumanqanaba amaninzi kwaye ezo meko zibeka abantwana engozini kwimiphumo eyahlukileyo.
Imithombo:
Dayton, T. " Umfanekiso weNtsapho yoTywala: Abantwana abalibalekileyo; Umbutho kaZwelonke we-Children of Alcoholic ufikelele ngoJanuwari 2016
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "Abantwana Bezidyobisi: Ngaba Bahlukile?" Utywala luyazisola ngoJulayi 1990