Ukushicilelwa kwangoko kwe-DSM kwenza utshintsho oluthile.
Inkqubo entsha ekulindelwe ixesha elide leNgcaciso yeSifo kunye neSatistim of Distress mentals - i-DSM-5 ngcaciso emfutshane - icatshulwa ngabaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo kunye nabaxhasi besigulane, zombini oko kuqukwa kwaye akubandakanyi, xa kukhutshwa yi-American Psychiatric Umbutho ngoMeyi 2013.
Iminyaka, iDSM ibiwa ngokuba yi "bible". Ichaphazela ngaphezu kokuxilongwa kwesifo sengqondo - isetyenziswe ekuqaliseni inzuzo ye-inshorensi nokukhubazeka, inokuchaphazela ukufumaneka kwemfundo ekhethekileyo kunye neenkonzo zentlalo, kwaye isisiseko kwiinkqubo zenkundla.
Olu hlobo lwakutshanje, lwesihlanu, luneeminyaka emininzi ekwenzeni - iminyaka eyabonayo ingxabano enkulu malunga nezinye iinguqu ezicetywayo. Amanye amalungu eekomiti esebenzayo kumqulu omtsha aze asula phantsi ekubhikeni kweenguqu ezithile.
I-DSM-5 njengeThuluzi lokuThola
I-DSM ibhala iikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (njenge- schizophrenia ), ukukhathazeka kwemizwelo (njenge- bipolar ), ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka , ukuphazamiseka komntu (njengengxaki yobuntu ), iingxaki ezixinzelelekileyo kunye nezixinzelelo (ezifana ne- PTSD ), kwaye ezininzi , Okuninzi nokuninzi.
Ngengxaki nganye, kukho uluhlu lweempawu ezithile kunye nokuziphatha okumele ukuba kungabikho okanye ukuba kungabi khona ukuze isifo sifumaneke. Ngokuqhelekileyo inani elithile lezinto ezidwelisweyo kufuneka zibe khona, kunokuba zonke zazo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwisifo sengqondo se-bipolar, ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ezintathu okanye ezine kwezi ziimpawu ezisixhenxe okanye iimpawu kufuneka zibe khona ukuze kuhlolwe imeko:
- Ukuzithemba okanye ukuxhaswa
- Imfuno encinci yokulala
- Ukuthetha okungakumbi kunexesha eliqhelekileyo, okanye intetho yokunyanzeliswa
- Ukuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza
- Ukwandisa umsebenzi ojoliswe kuyo
- Ukubandakanya ngokweqile kwimisebenzi enobungozi
I-DSM-5 Ingxabano: i-Autism, i-ODD, i-Bipolar
Kwakukho isikhalazo esikhulu sikarhulumente xa izifo ezine ezihlukeneyo ze-autism eziye zahlulwa kwiphepha lesine le-DSM, kuquka i-Asperger's Syndrome, zadibaniswa zibe zigulo elinye, i-Autism Spectrum Disorder, ye-DSM-5.
Izigulane okwangoku zifunyanwe zi-Asperger kunye nabazali babo beyesaba ukulahlekelwa yiinkonzo zentlalo nezemfundo. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba oku kwenzekile ekubeni utshintsho kwi-DSM lwenziwe.
Abanye kwiindawo zempilo yengqondo babechasa ngokukrakra ukuba babandakanye nokugula okwakungowokuqala, i- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Ukuxilongwa kubandakanya abantwana kunye nentsha ekhulumisana nabazali kunye nootitshala, ngamanye amaxesha bayenqaba ukuthobela iziphathamandla zamanani, kwaye balahlekelwa ngumsindo ngokukhawuleza, babhale ukuba umntwana okanye umfana "ogula ngengqondo" ayimfuneko.
Into eyayingenakongezwa yayiyi-diagnosis ye -bipolar disorder (ebizwa ngokuba yi-child-up bipolar disorder, okanye i-COBPD). Esikhundleni salo, ukuxilongwa ngokutsha kwenziwe ngokuthi yi-Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Le ngxaki ijolise kwixesha eliqhelekileyo, lomsindo ogqithiseleyo kunye nokuvutha komsindo phakathi kwabo.
Ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa yokuxhatshazwa kwengxaki ingaxilongwa kunye ne-Major Depression Disorder (MDD), kodwa ingekho ngengxaki yokuguquguquka kwengqondo. Ukuba ukhangele iimpawu zesifo sengqondo se-bipolar ebantwaneni, njengoko zidibaniswe neengcali ze-bipolar ebuntwaneni uDisitri Papolos, MD kunye nomkakhe uJanice Papolos, uya kubona okufanayo kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kwale nenye yengane efunyaniswe i-DMDD kunye ne-MDD. .
Isiko seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo (NIMH) Impendulo
ISizwe seSizwe soMlawuli wezeMpilo uDkt. Thomas Insel akazange abonakale njengendlela ye-DSM-5, ubuncinane ekuqaleni - wathi iDSM-5 ikhishwe ngo-2013 iya phambili, "i-NIMH iya kuphinda iphinde iqhube phambili uphando lwayo kude nezigaba ze-DSM, "ngenjongo yokuphuhlisa inkqubo ebandakanya i-genetics, i-biomarker, i-brain scans kunye nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokuvavanywa kwezifo zengqondo.
Insel yabhala, "Nangona i-DSM ichazwe ngokuthi 'iBhayibhile' kwintsimi, kukuthi, ngokufanelekileyo, isichazizi, ukudala isethi yamabhile kunye nokuchaza nganye." Ukugxeka "ukufaneleka" kwe-DSM, Insel ibonakala kwabanye ukuba ihoxise yonke inkxaso ye-DSM-5.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kweeveki ezimbini emva kokushicilelwa kwenkampani ye-NIHM kwaye yabhalwa ngokubambisana yi-Insel kunye noJeffrey A. Lieberman, MD, uMongameli okhethiweyo, i-APA, icacise iposi yeblogi yangaphambili. Ngokukodwa, ukukhululwa kogcino kuthi:
Namhlanje, i-American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), kunye ne-International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ibonisa ulwazi olulungileyo olutholakalayo okwangoku ukuxilongwa kwezifo zengqondo. Izigulane, iintsapho kunye nabatshutshisi banokuqiniseka ukuba unyango olusebenzayo lukhona kwaye ukuba iDSM iyona mithombo ebalulekileyo yokubonelela ngononophelo olungcono. ISizwe lesiZwe seMpilo yengqondo (i-NIMH) asitshintshi isikhundla sayo kwi-DSM-5.
Nangona kunjalo, i-NIMH isenamalungiselelo okuqhubela phambili kunye nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yokuxilonga ngokusemgangathweni, nangona i-agunya iyavuma ukuba le yiprojekthi ede elide. Uphando oluzayo kwintsimi luya kufuna ukuba "lusekelwe kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha okubonakalayo kunye nemilinganiselo ye-neurobiology" ukwenzela ukufumana inkxaso ye-NIMH.
Bona kwakhona: Yintoni i-DSM-5?
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, Uhlobo lwesihlanu: iDSM-5 . Arlington, VA: I-American Psychiatric Publishing, ngo-2013. 124-125, 156. Print.
Insel, uTomas. Ibhulogi yoMlawuli: Ukuguqulwa kwesifo. ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo.
Lane, Christopher, PhD. I-NIMH ihoxisa inkxaso ye-DSM-5. Psychology Namhlanje .
Insel, uTomas, noLieberman, uJeffrey. I-DSM-5 kunye ne-RDoC: Inzala ebandakanyekayo. ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo.