Inkcazo yeProgram-Based Based School ye-Social Concern Disorder
Isikolo sinokuba ngumngeni kubantwana nakwiintsholongwane ezijongene nokukhathazeka kweentlalo (SAD) . Ukusuka enkingeni yokwenza abahlobo kunzima ukuphendula imibuzo eklasini, ubomi esikolweni ngumnye umngeni wokuhlala unomdla.
Nangona abantwana bezinye iinkqubo zithatha umzabalazo emphakathini, kodwa umntwana okanye umntwana osemtsha kunye no-SAD unokufumana iimpawu ezixhalabisa okanye ukuphepha ukuba ukuhamba kwesikolo kunzima okanye ezinye iingxaki ziphuhlise, ezifana nokudakumba okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Uninzi lwabantwana abane-SAD alubonakalwanga ngabazali okanye ootitshala ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zabo azibonakali ngaphantsi kwalabo abenza iklasi. Ngelo xesha, oko bahlangabezana nayo yingxaki yonyani efuna unyango olusisiseko-kungekhona nje ithemba lokuba liya kuhamba okanye isigaba esipasa.
Isikolo yindawo efanelekileyo yokuphumeza iinkqubo zonyango kuba kukho amathuba amaninzi abantwana ukuba benze oko bakufundayo-kunye neontanga zabo! Ootitshala bangabandakanyeka, iinqununu zingabandakanyeka, nabanobhala kunye nabasebenzi bokutya banokukunceda kwinkqubo. Abazali kunye nabasebenzi bezemfundo bayazi ukuba i-SAD kunye neyeza layo, bhetele ukhetho oluya kubafundi abaneSAD.
Izakhono zoPhuhliso lweNtlalo kunye neZifundo (SASS)
Enye yeprogram eyenzelwe ukunceda abantwana kunye nentsha kunye ne-SAD yiZakhono zoPhuhliso lwezeNtlalo nezeZifundo (SASS) eziphuhliswe nguMasia Warner kunye noogxa.
Oku kuphumelela kule nkqubo kuboniswe kubafundi abaselula abafaniswa neqela lolawulo lokulinda kunye neqela lokulawula ingqalelo (iqela elithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo efanayo yokuqokelela idatha kunye noonxibelelwano njengeqela lonyango, kodwa ngaphandle kokufumana ulwazi oluthe ngqo malunga nokulawula imeko yabo).
Le nkqubo ibandakanya iinkalo ezintlanu ezilandela iingcamango eziphambili ze-cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT). Iingcebiso ezininzi kubafundi, ootitshala kunye nabazali banokudityaniswa kule nkqubo, kwaye sele ziphawulwe ngezantsi.
Ulwakhiwo lweNkqubo
Ngokubanzi, ukuba uthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-SASS ungalindela ukuba ihlale iinyanga ezintathu.
Njengomfundi, uya kuthatha inxaxheba kule ilandelayo:
- Iiseshoni zeeveki ezili-12 ngeveki kwisikolo sakho esiza kuhlala malunga nemizuzu engama-40 nganye
- Iiseshoni zokulandelelana kwamaqela amabini ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye neengxaki onokujamelana nazo emva kwenkqubo ye-SASS
- Iintlanganiso ezimbini ezifutshane ezimfutshane malunga nemizuzu engama-20 nganye
- Ngaphezu koko, kukho inxalenye emnandi! Uya kubakho neveki ezine "iintshukumo zentlalo" zihlala iiyure ezili-1.5 nganye
Njengomzali, uya kuthatha inxaxheba kule ilandelayo:
- Iintlanganiso ezimbini zeendibano zemizuzu engama-45 nganye
Isiqulatho seNkqubo
Iyintoni na inkqubo ye SASS? Ukuba ukwenzile nayiphi na ukufunda okanye unamanye amava kunye ne- CBT , uninzi lwale luya kuluvo oluqhelekileyo kuwe. Ukuba i-CBT ayikhenkci kuwe okanye usuvele uzame ngaphandle kokuphumelela, unokubuza malunga nezinye iinkqubo ezifana nezo zisekelwe kwindlela yokwamkelwa kunye nokunyangwa kwengqondo.
Yeka. Yima! Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuya kwiiseshoni ze-SASS kukho nawuphi na omele ukwenze ukulungiselela?
Qinisekisa ukuba ulala ngokwaneleyo ubusuku bonke, udla ukutya okunempilo, uvavanya rhoqo, usela amanzi aneleyo imihla ngemihla, kwaye ufumanisa iindlela zokulawula uxinzelelo olungalunxulumene nokuxhalaba kwentlalo (njengokucamngca okanye yoga).
Ukuba nayiphi na le mimandla yobomi bakho ibangela ubunzima, sebenze ukulungisa wena okanye uvumele inkokeli yenkqubo ukuba unayo "imiba" eyongezelelweyo engayenza ngakumbi uxhalaba.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, zihloko ezihlanu ezivezwe ngu-SASS:
1. Iingqondo
2. Ukucinga okuyiyo
3. Uqeqesho lwezakhono zoLuntu
4. Ukubonisa
5. Ukubuyisela kwakhona ukukhusela
Isandi esiqhelekileyo?
Ukuba akunjalo, ungakhathazeki. Inkokeli yeqela iya kuchaza isihloko ngasinye njengoko uhamba kwaye iya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuze ungadangali.
Ingqondo
Injongo yale nxalenye yale nkqubo kukukunceda uqonde oko uvakalelwa. Ziziphi iintlobo zeempawu ezibangela ukuba unenkathazo? Unokucinga ngezinto ezifana:
- ukukhathazeka ngobusuku malunga nentetho ezayo omele uyinike
- Intliziyo yakho ibetha okanye izandla zizamazela xa uzama ukuthetha nabantu abatsha
Yintoni ofuna ukuyitshintsha? Ziziphi iimeko ezenza uzive uxhalabele kakhulu?
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka uhambe kule nxalenye yenkqubo uziva ukhululekile. Inkokeli akufanele ikubeke endaweni, okanye yenza uzive ungaqhelekanga malunga nokuxhalaba kwentlalo. Ekupheleni kweli candelo, kufuneka ukhuthazwe kwaye ulungele ukuqala ukwenza utshintsho!
Ukuqiqa Ngokwenene
Inxalenye enkulu ye-CBT ibandakanya ukuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kweengcamango zakho, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.
Abantwana kunye nentsha kunye ne-SAD banamathuba okulindela ukuba kwenzeke ngakumbi-kwaye bakholelwe ukuba kukuphela kwehlabathi ukuba oko kwenzeka.
Umzekelo, umntwana osemtsha unokucinga ukuba uya kuguqulwa xa ebuza umhlobo ukuba enze into kwaye ukugatywa kuthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga kuye.
Uvavanyo lokucinga lusetyenziswa iindlela zokusuka kwiipateni zokucinga ezingalunganga kwaye uqhubele phambili kwiindlela ezibonakalayo zokujonga imeko.
Umzekelo, umntwana okanye umfana unokufundiswa ukuba abuze umbuzo onjenge:
"Kwenzeke kaninzi kangangoko kwixesha elidlulileyo?"
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeli candelo yenzeni kunokuphulaphula . Kufuneka usebenze ngokuthe ngqo ekusebenziseni indima ekuphuhliseni izakhono ukuze usebenzise ukucinga.
Okunye-nangona ucinga ukuba le nkqubo yinto ekhohlakeleyo ekuqaleni-gweba isigwebo sakho. Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba inkokheli yeqela ayifumananga. Wonke umntu uyamthiya kwaye akukho mntu uya kufuna ukuba ngumhlobo wam.
Qikelela ukuba? Leli lizwi lakho, kungekhona ilizwi labanye abantu. Nika le fudula kwaye ugcine ingqondo evulekile. Usenokumangaliswa kukuba uziva njani ngokuphela!
Uqeqesho lwezentlalo
Abantwana kunye nentsha kunye ne-SAD kaninzi abafumana ithuba lokusebenzisa izakhono zentlalo njengabantu abadala abanenkinga.
Ezinye iindawo oza kusebenza kuzo kweli candelo ziquka iingxoxo (ukuqala kwazo nokuzigcina), ukwakha ubungani, ukuphulaphula / ukukhumbula, nokuxhomekeka .
Kwakhona, uya kuba nenxaxheba kwimidlalo ekufundeni malunga nale migaqo.
Ngokomzekelo, unokwenza:
- Ukuqala ingxoxo (cinga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza kunokuba uhlale ubeka izimvo kwimozulu)
- Ukwandisa isimemo kumntu
- Ayitshintshi isihloko sesincoko de inkokheli inika imvume (ijika, abo abane-SAD bathambekele ekutshintsheni isihloko sencoko ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuxhalabisa, oko kungenza izinto zingakhathazeki, ziphazamise kwaye zingabonakali kwabanye)
- Ukuhlala ugxininise kwaye ungakhathazeki ngokuxhalabisa ukuba awukwazi ukugxila kulokho omnye umntu ekuthethayo (umdlalo wememori yindlela enye yokwenza oku, apho wonke umntu ekwabelana ngolwazi ngaye kunye nabanye kufuneka bazame ukukukhumbula ) U
- Ukwenqaba izicelo kunye nokwenza "iingxelo" zokubonisa iimvakalelo
Ngexesha lomdlalo, inkokeli yeqela kunye namanye amalungu eqela anokukukhuthaza ukuba:
- uthetha ngokukhawuleza
- sebenzisa ngakumbi ukujonga kwamehlo
- ukumncumo ngakumbi
- sebenzisa umzimba okhululekile
- okanye uyenze nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha engabonakaliyo ebonisa ukuba uyangeneka
Ukujamelana noyika
Le nxalenye yeprogram ibandakanya ukuqhuba ukutyhila ekubhekeleni ubuncwane bakho. Kulo, abafundi bahlakulela ulawulo oluphezulu okanye " ukwesaba iphakamileyo " yeemeko ezixhalabisayo ezi-10 ukusuka kumncinci. Ezi zinokuba ziimeko ezinoyikiweyo okanye ezikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.
Umzekelo, unokukhetha:
- kunika impendulo engalunganga
- ukulibala igama lomntu
- ukunyuka kwiholo
- kufika ekupheleni kweklasi
- kunika intetho
- uthetha nomntu omtsha
- tyelela i-ofisi eyintloko
- ukuthenga ukutya kwindawo yokutya
- kubuza umlayibrari umbuzo
- uthetha nenqununu
- ukuhambisa izivakalisi zasekuseni
- ukujoyina iqela
- kubuza umbuzo kwiklasi
- kubuza umhlobo ukuba ahlangane
- ukuya kwiqela okanye kumdaniso
- okanye nayiphi na into eyenza uxhalabe
Into ebalulekileyo ngokwenza le nkqubo esikolweni kukuba abantwana kunye nentsha banokuzibandakanya kwiimeko zangempela-zobomi ezifana nokutya, eklasini okanye kwindawo yokudlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ootitshala okanye abanye abaqeqeshiweyo esikolweni bangabhalwa ukuba bancede.
Nangona umntwana okanye umntwana eselula, ukulinganiswa kokubandezeleka kubhaliwe kwaye kuhlolwe ngethemba lokuba banciphisa okungenani ama-50 ekhulwini ekupheleni.
Uyakwazi ukuba uqaphele oko kwenza ukuba ezi ziimeko zibe ngcono okanye zibi. Ingaba uhlobo oluthile luthisha lukhuni kuwe? Ubuqili, ubudala, kunye nobukhulu beentetho zizinto ezinokudlala indima.
Ukubuyiswa kwakhona
Umntwana okanye umfana angaqiniseka njani ukuba zonke azilililwanga xa inkqubo iphelile? Yazi iimpawu zakho zokulumkisa ukuba iimpawu ziqala kwakhona kwaye zicwangcise izicwangciso ozisebenzisayo ukulwa nazo. Kwakhona, qaphela ukuba izithintelo ziqhelekileyo kwaye zilindeleke.
Ukongezelela kule nxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo, abantwana kunye nentsha bafaka inxaxheba kwi:
- iseshoni nganye (ukujongana nemiba yabantu kunye noxinzelelo)
- Iiseshoni zokulandelelana (ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuyi kukhwela kwimikhwa endala)
- Iziganeko zentlalo (imicimbi yeveki yokuqhuba izakhono zakho ezintsha, njengegalufa elincinci-ngokuqhelekileyo liqala ukulungiswa kwaye liye lafudukela kwimisebenzi engaphantsi)
Abazali
Abazali nabo babandakanyeka. Bafumana ukufunda okubanzi malunga ne-SAD kunye nendlela yokuxhasa abantwana babo okanye ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zentsha.
Ubungqina boPhando kwiSASS
I-SASS iboniswe ukuba iyasebenza xa ihanjiswa ngabagulane beengqondo. Uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abacebisi besikolo banokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umfana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zokuxhalabisa koluntu esikolweni, njengokungafuni ukuya kwiindawo okanye ukuzama ukukhusela iintetho okanye iinkalo zentlalo yobomi bemihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukucinga ukuba kungenzeka ukuba uxhalaba loluntu luyinkinga.
Xa sele zichongiwe, i-SAD ingaphathwa ngeenkqubo ezifana neSASS ezikolweni. Iintlobo zokusebenzisa imimandla yesikolo zinkulu-kodwa abafundi kufuneka bachongwe njengokuba bancedayo uncedo kuqala.
Umthombo:
URyan JL, iWarner CM. Ukunyanga i-Adolescents nge-Discoased Disorder Disorder in Schools. I-Child Adolesc Clinic Psychiatr N Am. 2012; 21 (1): 105-ix. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.chc.2011.08.011.