Uninzi lwabaTywala oluNxilayo luya kuqhuma
Esinye isithako esisisiseko ekuphulukeni ngokuphumelelayo kwi-alcohol alcool or drug addiction kukuphuhlisa indlela yokuphila enempilo. Unyango kunye nabaqeqeshi bokuvuselela ngokuqhelekileyo bavuma ukuba nje ukuyeka ukuzimela kuphela akunakwanela ukugcina uphila.
Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokuPhathwa kweeNkonzo zezeMpilo zeNgqondo (SAMHSA) inkcazelo yokubuyisela iquka impilo nempilo njengamacandelo abalulekileyo.
Inkcazo ichaza ukuhlenga "njengenkqubo yokutshintsha apho abantu baphucula impilo yabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle, bahlala ubomi obuzimeleyo, kwaye bazama ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo."
Ngokufanayo, enye inkcazo yokubuyiswa eyenziwe yiphaneli ehlanganiswe yiBetty Ford Clinic iphinda ichaza impilo njengento ebalulekileyo yokuphucula. Incazelo yeBetty Ford ichaza ukuhlenga "njengendlela yokuphila ngokuzithandela ebonakalayo ngokuzikhethela, impilo kunye nobomi."
Uninzi olunxilisayo lubabi kakhulu
Ngelishwa, enye yezinto ezikhusela abantu abaninzi ukufumana izidakwa ekuphuhliseni indlela yokuphila enempilo kukuba ininzi yabo isasebenzisa iteksi. Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, uqikelelo lwama- 80 ukuya kuma-95 ekhulwini lwabantu abatshatshayo bashiya umsila , kwaye i-70 ekhulwini yabo bayabhema.
Ngaphandle kokubuyisela utywala, uqikelelwa ukuba ama-85 ekhulwini ashunqisa, ngaphezulu kwamaxesha amathathu kwipesenti yabantu ababhema kubantu bonke.
Ukushiya zombini ngexesha elifanayo
Kwiminyaka emininzi, abatywala babengakhuthazwa ukuba bayeke ukusela nokutshaya ngexesha elinye. Kwakucatshangelwa ukuba uxinzelelo lokuyeka utywala lwanele ngokwaneleyo ukujongana ngaphandle kokuxinezeleka kokuzama ukuyeka ukutshaya ngexesha elinye.
Incwadi ethi Alcoholics Anonymous, kwisahluko esithi "Intsapho Emva koko," amalungu kunye neentsapho zabo bakhuthazwa ukuba bangakhathazeki ngokusetyenziswa kotywala okanye icuba, kodwa kunoko, gxininisa "ukugula kakhudlwana" kokusela utywala.
Uluhlu olude lwezeMpilo
Siyazi ngakumbi malunga neengozi zecuba namhlanje ngaphezu kokuba senze xa "Incwadi Enkulu" ibhaliwe ngo-1935. Oososayensi ngoku bayazi ukuba kukho uluhlu olude lwezingozi zempilo ezibangelwa ukutshaya, ezinokuthi zibe nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni womntu ukusuka entloko kwizwane.
Ukutshaya kude kunxibelelene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-emphysema kunye nezinye iisomhlaza zentloko nentamo, kodwa imbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu ababhema eUnited States isifo senhliziyo. Ukubhema kubonakalisa iirriyiti yentliziyo, kunciphisa iirriyiti, kwandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
Ingozi Eminye Yobunxila
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indawo ezininzi zokuhlala kotywala kunye neziyobisi zihlala zingekho ukubhema - njengamanye amancedo okunakekelwa kwezempilo - ukunyanzelisa izidakamizwa ezifuna unyango ukuyeka ukusela nokutshaya ngexesha elinye. Nangona kukho uphando olufumene abo bazama ukuyeka bonke bobabini ngexesha elifanayo abahlali bexhala xa nje abo bayeka ukusela kuphela, kukho uphando oluphikisanayo olubonisa ukuba ukuyeka kokubili kwindlela enokusebenza.
Imingcipheko yempilo yonyuka kubo bonke ababhema, kodwa ukubuyisela izidakamizwa kubangelwa kakhulu ingozi yokutshaya ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe emizimbeni yabo ngexesha lokusela kakhulu.
Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ekuveliseni umdlavuza kunye nesifo senhliziyo.
Ikhupha okanye Ikhusela ukubuyiswa kweBongo
Kukho ingozi ngakumbi yokubuyisela izidakwa eziqhubekayo ukutshaya. Abaninzi abasweleyo, abaphuza ixesha elide bafumana uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo wengqondo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala. Xa beyeka ukusela, kunjalo, enye yaloo monakalo iqala ukuziphendulela.
Ukutya, ubudala, ukusetyenziswa nokuveliswa kwezinto zofuzo zizo zonke iziganeko kwindlela ngokukhawuleza ingqondo iza kubuya ngayo. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ubuchopho bokubuyisela utywala obuqhubekayo ukutshaya iteksi kuncipha kakhulu ukuba babuyiselwe xa bebuya.
Ukunyuka kokutshaya utywala Ukukhwela
Kodwa kukho esinye isizathu sokubuyisela utywala, ngokukodwa, kufuneka uzame ukuyeka ukutshaya: ezinye iifundo zifumene ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwe- nicotine kunokwandisa ukunqwenela kotywala , kwaye izazinzulu zikholelwa kukuba kuba utywala kunye ne-nicotine benza ngendlela efanayo yomvuzo kwengqondo.
Uphando olutshanje lufumene ukuba abo bazama ukuyeka ukusela kodwa baqhubeka bebhema i-cigarettes, banexesha elilukhuni ngakumbi elincinci ngenxa yale miqweno, xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abazange bashiye, okanye abo bayeke ukusela nokutshaya ngexesha elinye.
Umoya Ongokomoya?
Ukuqhubela phambili ukutshaya kungabangela ezinye izinto eziphazamisayo kubantu abafumene ukuphulukana kwinkqubo yokomoya, efana noTywala ngaphandle. Ngaba banokubongoza ngokwenene ukuvuselela ngokomoya, njengoko amanyathelo angama-12 acetyiswa ukuba ngaba ahlala ehlala emlonyeni wabo-ikakhulukazi enye inobungozi njenge-nicotine?
Ngomnyaka we-1935, umlutha we-nicotine awunakuthathwa "njengesifo esibi," kwaye ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iteksi kwakucingelwa ukuba yingozi kakhulu kunokuba uqhubeke usela, ngenxa yobunxila. Kodwa namhlanje siyazi ukuba umlutha we-nicotine unokuba, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, uyingozi.
Imithombo:
I-Betty Ford Institute Panel Consensus Panel. "Kuyintoni na ukubuyisela? Inkcazo yokusebenza evela eBetty Ford Institute" I- Journal of Product Abuse Treatment . 20 Septemba 2007.
Goldsmith RJ, et al "Kuye kwimbono ebanzi yokubuyiselwa." Umbhalo weNyango yokuShatshazwa kweziyobisi ngoMatshi 1993.
McIlvain HE, et al "Amanyathelo asebenzayo ekunqumeni ukutshaya ukuphuza utywala." WaseMerika ugqirha . Oktobha 1998.
Mon, A., et al "Impembelelo yeCigarette Ukubhema ekuHuyiseni kwiCortical Gray Matter Perfusion Ukulahleka koTywala: I-MRI yokuLungisa i-Arterial Spin Labeling," Utywala: Uphando lweKlinikhi noPhando ngo- Agasti 2009.
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. " Utywala kunye neNicotine ." Ukwaziswa kotywala weNkunkuma No. 71 uJanuwari 2007.
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. Inkcazo yeSAMHSA kunye neMigaqo-nkqubo yokuBuyiselwa