Ngokomyinge, abantwana abashiya umpu baqalisa kwiminyaka eyi-16. Uvavanyo lwango-2014, ukubeka iliso kwixesha elizayo, liqikelelwa ukuba i-15.6 ekhulwini yabafundi abathandathu abaye babhema umjoju okanye ubunzima bodwa ubuncinane kanye ngexesha lokuphila, ngelixa i-11.7 ekhulwini yayibheke kunyaka odlulileyo kunye no-6.5. iipesenti zaye zitshiza ngenyanga edluleyo.
Ugqirha lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye noPhando lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo kubantu abaye bangeniswa kwiyeza zonyango kunye notywala bafumene ukuba i-14 ekhulwini yaqala ukusebenzisa iziyobisi phambi kweminyaka eyi-13, kwiminyaka yabo elishumi elinanye.
Ngethuba elifikelela kwibakala leshumi, inani labashushu bemihla liya kufikelela kuma-33,7 ekhulwini ngelixa abaneminyaka engama-27,3 ekhulwini kunye nabangasemva kweenyanga ababhemayo baquka iipesenti ezingama-16.6.
Impembelelo yabanye
Ukunyuka okuphawulwe phakathi kwamabakala anesibhozo kunye neshumi kubalulekile kuba isizathu esenza ukuba intsha iqale ukutshaya inambuzane ivela kwimpembelelo yabanye abantu ababajikelezile. Iintsholongwane ezinabantwana okanye abahlobo abasebenzisa iziyobisi banakho amathuba okuzizama zona ngokwabo kunabantwana abaselula abangenazo izihlobo zokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Utshintsho phakathi kwesikolo esiphakathi kunye nesikolo esiphakeme kukhokelela ekuphazamiseni amatsha abantwana: izikolo ezintsha, abahlobo abatsha, iingcinezelo ezintsha kunye nokulindela okungafaniyo.
Impembelelo abanye ababenayo ekusebenziseni kakubi kweziyobisi ezisemthethweni ayigcinanga kwiontanga zabo esikolweni. Abantwana abanabantwana abaphuzayo , ukutshaya umsila, okanye ukutshaya i-marijuzana banokukwazi ukuzama ukuziphatha kwabo.
Ukufumaneka kweBhodi yinto ebalulekileyo
Abantwana abahlala kwiindawo zokuhlala apho izidakamizwa zithengiswa ngokuvulekileyo , okanye ngubani oya ezikolweni apho oontanga babo bathengisa khona iziyobisi, baninzi kakhulu ukuqala ukutshaya ukhula ngexesha elidala.
Uphononongo olufanayo lufumanisa ukuba ukuba abantwana bebona nje ukuba oontanga bavuma ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi baya kuba nokusebenzisa iziyobisi ngokusemncinci ngenxa yokuba le ngcamango ithambekele "ukulungelelanisa" ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
I-double-whammy yemvume yekcubeko kunye nokufikelela okulula kweziyobisi kubangele kwixesha lokuqala lokuqala kunye nenani elikhulu labantwana abasebenzisa iziyobisi.
Izizathu Zezingane Zisebenzisa Izidakamizwa
Kwincwadi ethi Keep Your Teenager Out of Trouble and What to Do Ukuba Awukwazi , uDkt. Neil I. Bernstein uchaza izizathu, ngaphandle kokufumaneka nje, kutheni abantwana bezama iziyobisi kunye notywala:
- Abeendaba abadumile
- Ukubalekela kunye nokuzinyango
- Boredom
- Ukuvukela
- Ukuxhaswa kwangoku
- Ukungabi nethemba
- I ngcaciso
Ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ekuHlaleni kwasekuqaleni
Iingcali-kunye ne-marijuana ezisemthethweni-abavumelanisayo-bayavuma ukuba abantwana abaselula baqala ukusebenzisa inambuzane, bhetele kuba ubunzima babo besaqhubeka beza kufikelela kwiminyaka engama-25. Abantwana abaselula baqala ukutshaya imbiza, mhlawumbi baya kuba neengxaki.
Ucwaningo lwe-Duke University lufumanise ukuba abantwana abatshitshisa i-marijuana ubuncinane ngeveki ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka eyi-18 babonakalisa ingozi ngokukhawuleza kwabo bulumko, ingqalelo kunye nenkumbulo xa kuthelekiswa nalabo baqalisa ukusebenzisa inambuzane emva kweminyaka eyi-18.
Uphononongo lweDuke lufumene ukuba ukuyeka umgodla emva koko akuzange kuguqulwe ingozi engabonakaliyo ebangelwa ukusebenzisa i-marijuana ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18.
Imithombo:
IDuke University (2012). "Ubumbi bentombi isebenzisa amaqabunga aphelileyo engqondweni." IDuke namhlanje .
Duncan, DT et al (2014). "Iindawo ezithengiswayo zokuthengisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ukutshatyalaliswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US abakhulileyo." Ukwelashwa kweziyobisi, Ukuthintela kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo.
Isiko seSizwe soMthetho wokuThatshazwa kweziyobisi (2014). "Ukubeka iliso kwiSifundo seMva: Iintshukumo zokuPhathwa kwezidakamizwa." Imizila kunye nezibalo .
Ukusebenzisana kwabantwana abangenabo iziyobisi (2015). "Izizathu ezi-8 eziphezulu zokuba iintsholongwane zizama utywala kunye neziyobisi." Izibonelelo .