Kutheni Silala? Abaphandi banemibono embalwa eyahlukeneyo
Ukulala kuye kwaba yinto yokucinga kunye nokucinga ukususela kwixesha elide lamafilosofi aseGrike, kodwa kungekudala nje abaphandi bafumene iindlela zokufunda ubuthongo ngendlela echanekileyo nenjongo. Ukuqaliswa kweteknoloji entsha njenge-electroencephalograph (i-EEG) kuye kwavumela oososayensi ukuba bajonge kwaye balinganise iipatheni zombane kunye nomsebenzi oveliswa ngumbongo olele.
Nangona ngoku singakwazi ukuphanda ubuthongo obuhle kunye neziganeko ezihambelanayo, akubona bonke abaphandi abavumelanise isizathu sokuba silale. Iipatheni zokulala zivame ukulandela ishedyuli eqikelelweyo kwaye iingcali ziyavuma ukuba ubuthongo bunendima ebalulekileyo kwimpilo nangempilweni. Iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zicetywayo ukuba zichaze ukubaluleka kokulala kunye nemisebenzi kunye neenjongo zokulala.
Ezi zilandelayo zintathu zeengcamango ezinkulu eziye zavela.
Ukulungisa nokubuyisela iTheory of Sleep
Ngokomgaqo wokulungisa nokubuyisela ubuthongo , ukulala kubalulekile ukuvuselela nokubuyisela iinkqubo zobomi ezigcina umzimba kunye nengqondo iphilile kwaye isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Le ngcamango ibonisa ukuba ukulala kwe-NREM kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni imisebenzi yokwenza umsebenzi, ngelixa ukulala kwe-REM kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni imisebenzi yengqondo.
Inkxaso yale ngqungquthela inikezwa ngophando olubonisa ukuba ixesha lokulala kwe-REM landa emva kwezihlandlo zokulahlwa kokulala nokuzikhandla komzimba.
Ngexesha lokulala, umzimba uya kwandisa izinga lokuhlukana kweesel kunye neprotein yeprotein, ebonisa ukuba ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa kwenzeka ngexesha lokulala.
Kungekudala, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ubungqina obutsha obuxhasa ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa kweengcamango, ukufumanisa ukuba ubuthongo buvumela ingqondo ukuba yenze "imisebenzi yokugcina indlu".
Ngomxholo we-Oktobha ka-2013 we- Science , abaphandi bapapasha iziphumo zophando ezibonisa ukuba ubuchopho busebenzisa ubuthongo ukuze bukhuphe i-toxins . Le nkqubo yokususa inkunkuma, ibonisa, enye yezizathu ezibangela ukuba silale.
Umsebenzi wokubuyisela ubuthongo ungabangela ukuba kususwe ukuveliswa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi obuthakathaka kwi-system central nervous system, "kubhala abalobi.
Uphando lwangaphambili lwalufumanise inkqubo ye-glymphatic, ephethe izinto ezingcolileyo ngaphandle kwengqondo. Ngokomnye wabalobi beengxelo, uDkt. Maiken Nedergaard, ubuncwane bobuncinci bobuchopho balunceda ukuba bakhethe phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo: aphapheme kwaye uqaphele okanye ulele kwaye uhlambulule. Baphakamisa ukuba iingxaki zokucoca ezi ngcambu zengqondo zingabamba indima kwinani leengxaki zeengqondo ezifana nesifo se-Alzheimer.
Ingqungquthela yoBulala
Ingcamango yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i -theory of sleep sleep , ibonisa ukuba amaxesha omsebenzi kunye nokungasebenzi kuguquke njengendlela yokugcina amandla. Ngokwale ngcamango, zonke iintlobo ziye zatshintshela ukulala ngexesha lexesha xa ukuvuka kungaba yingozi kakhulu.
Inkxaso yale ngcamango ivela kuphando olulinganiswayo lwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Izilwanyana ezinemfuyo embalwa, njengeebhere kunye neengonyama, zihlala zilala phakathi kwama-12 ukuya kwe-15 iiyure ngosuku. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilwanyana ezinamazilwanyana ezininzi zendalo zihlala zincinci nje, zivame ukungabi ngaphezu kwama-4 okanye iiyure ezingama-5 zokulala nganye ngosuku.
I-Consolidation Theory of Sleep ye-Sleep
Ingcamango yolwazi lokuhlanganiswa kokulala isekelwe kwingcaphephe yophando kwaye ichaza ukuba abantu balele ukuze baqhube iinkcukacha eziye zafunyanwa emini. Ukongezelela ukucwangcisa ulwazi ukusuka kwangaphambili, le ngcamango ichaza ukuba ubuthongo buvumela ingqondo ukuba ilungiselele umhla ozayo.
Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ubuthongo bunceda ukuqinisa izinto esizifundileyo emini kwimemori ende . Inkxaso yale ngcamango ivela kwizifundo zokunqongophala zobuthongo ezibonisa ukuba ukungabikho kokulala kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhunjuleni nasekukhunjuleni ulwazi.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela
Nangona kukho uphando kunye nobungqina bokuxhasa nganye yeengcamango zokulala, akusekho ncediso olucacileyo lokuncedisa nayiphi na inyelelo. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba nganye yezi ngcamango zingasetyenziswa ukuchaza isizathu sokuba silale. Ukulala kuchaphazela ezininzi iinkqubo zomzimba, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulala kubangelwa izizathu ezininzi kunye neenjongo. Kuyo yonke into, ubuthongo bunobuninzi beenjongo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba nezengqondo kubandakanya ukucoca i-toxins yobuchopho nokudibanisa ulwazi kwimemori.
Imithombo:
UGallagher, J. Ukulala 'ukuhlambulula' ingqondo yeesibisi. Iindaba ze-BBC; 2013.
Xie, L., Hong, K., Qiwu, X., Chen, MJ, Liao, Y., Thiyagarjan, M., ... Nedergaard, M. Ulala uqhuba ukukhutshwa kwe-metabolite kwi-brain brain. Isayensi, 342 (6156), 373-377. INGXELO: 10.1126 / isayensi.1241224; 2013.