I-Tourette's Syndrome iVamelwane kunye ne-OCD
Sibanzi
I-Tourette's syndrome ibizwa ngokuba nguGeorges Gilles de la Tourette ongumFrentshi wegazi, owathi waqala ukuchaza ingxaki ngo-1885. Ukuxhatshazwa kweentshukumo zokuhamba komntwana ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanywa nengxaki yokunyanzeliswa kwengqondo (OCD) , ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki (ADHD) kunye nezinye izifo . Enyanisweni, i-86% yabantwana abane-syndrome yeTourette nayo ibona enye imeko yokuziphatha, yengqondo okanye yokuphuhliswa kwayo, kwaye eyona nto iqhelekileyo yi-OCD ne-ADHD.
Iimpawu
Uphawu oluphambili oluhambelana ne-Tourette's syndrome bubakho bobugcisa . I-Tics yenzeke ngokukhawuleza, emfutshane, engabonakaliyo okanye eyimfuneko yokunyanzelisa okanye izandi.
Motor Tics
- I-motor tics elula iquka umzimba omnye okanye iqela leemisipha kwaye ingaba mfutshane (ukukhanya kwamehlo okanye ukuphalaza kwempumlo), ixesha elide (ukuvula umlenze okanye ukuvula umlomo) okanye ukugcinwa ixesha elide (ukwandisa okanye ukuchukumisa isigxina).
- Iimoto ezihambelana neengxaki zibandakanya kwaye zidla ngokufana nokuhamba okuqhelekileyo njengokungxuma, ukubetha, ukuphonsa okanye ukuchukumisa; Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zivela kwisilungelekanga okanye zibandakanya ukuziphatha okungalunganga okanye kakubi. Ezi zithuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi zingabangela intloni enkulu umntu ochaphazelekayo.
Izandi okanye iiPhonic Tics
- Iifowuni ezilula zisoloko zivakalayo okanye izandi. Imimiselo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukuvuthela, ukukhwehlela, ukucola umqala, ukukrokra, ukukhenkceza okanye ukucima.
- Iicompic i-phonic tics ngamazwi okanye amabinzana afaka ukungcola, ukuchazela oko abanye bathi, nokuphindaphinda iingxelo zabo.
Iifiksi zinokukhutshwa kwaye zidla ngokuphucula xa umntwana ephazamiseka; nangona kunjalo, bafumane kwakhona nanini na. Ukunciphisa i-tics ixesha elide kunokukhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kwimihla ngemihla.
Izigulane ezininzi zibika ukukhathazeka ngokwenyama nje ngaphambi kokuqhuba isifundo. Abantwana abachaphazelekayo baya kuqhuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo baze bazive "ngokuchanekileyo."
Ukukhula
I-Tourette's syndrome ayinqabile, ivela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi. Kuphindwe kathathu ngokuqhelekileyo kwindoda kunabesifazane kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-8 no-10 ubudala. Kubantwana abaninzi, iimpawu zivame ukuphucula ekupheleni kwentsha kunye nenani elincinci lingenazo iimpawu.
Abantwana abaninzi abaneTourette nabo bane- ADHD , i- OCD kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo, ezifana nokudandatheka okanye i- social phobia . Ezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo kubantwana abane-syndrome ye-Tourette balawulwa kakubi, bangakwazi ukulawula umsindo, ukungaxhatshazi ngokwesini kunye nokuziphatha okungafanelekanga.
Izizathu
Njengama-tics kunye nezifo ezinxulumene ne-OCD ziphucula ngemithi eguqula ingqondo yengqondo ye- serotonin kunye ne-dopamine, kuye kwacatshulwa ukuba isifo seTourette sinokuba sisiphumo sokungaqhelekanga ekunxibelelaneni kwezi zixhobo ze-neurochemicals.
Ukongezelela, uphando oluninzi luye lwabona okungaqhelekanga kwingingqi yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi- basal ganglia (indawo ebalulekileyo ekuqalisweni nasekupheleni kokunyakaza) phakathi kwabantu abane-syndrome yeTourette.
Izifo zeGenesis nazo zinokudlala indima ekwakheni i-Tourette's syndrome. Ukuvalela izihlobo zabantu abane-Tourette's syndrome bahlala benama-tics, i-OCD okanye i-ADHD.
Unyango
Izonyango zokuziphatha ezijolise ekuphuculeni ukusebenza komsebenzi, ukuzithemba kunye nomgangatho wobomi yinkqubo yokuqala yokwelapha kwi-Tourette's syndrome. Iindlela zokuziphatha eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya unyango lwe-cognitive and treatment and treatment. Ukubandakanya abazali, ootitshala kunye nabafunda nabo ekwenzeni imizamo kaninzi kubalulekile ekwenzeni unyango.
Ukuba umntwana uyathinteka kakhulu okanye uthatha inxaxheba ekuziphatheni okubi, amayeza angadinga. Amachiza asebenzayo ekuphatheni iimpawu ze-Tourette's syndrome zibandakanya i-antipsychotics ye-atypical, njengeHaldol (haloperidol) kunye ne-Orap (pimozide), kunye ne-antipsychotics ye-atypical, njenge-Risperdal (risperidone) ne-Zyprexa (olanzapine).
Xa iimpawu ze-OCD, ukuxhalaba kunye nokuxinezeleka kubakho, unyango lunokuquka i-anti-depressants, njenge-Prozac (i-fluoxetine) okanye i-Anafranil (i-clomipramine). Qinisekisa ukuxoxa malunga naluphi ukhetho olululo olungcono kakhulu ugqirha wakho.
Imithombo:
UJankovic, J. "Tourette's Syndrome" I-New England Journal of Medicine 2001 345: 1184-1192.
UKenney, C., Kuo, SH, & Jimenez-Shahed, J. "Tourette's Syndrome" Ugqirha Wentsapho yaseMerika 2008 77: 651-658.
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/detail_tourette.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette/facts.html