Iziyobisi ngokuqhelekileyo zichithwe kwiiNkonzo zezilwanyana
I-Ketamine yi-anesthetic ye-dissociative eyenziwa ekuqaleni kwee-1960 kwaye isetyenziswe kwizonyango zabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Isilwayo sisetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kwi-anesthesia.
Ngama-1950, i- phencyclidine (i-PCP) yasungulwa njenge-intravenous general anesthetic, kodwa ngenxa yemiphumo emibi yecala, i-ketamine yaphuhliswa njenge-antichetic dissociative yokutshintsha i-PCP.
Amagama ezitalato zeCetamine
Amagama esitalato ahlukeneyo e-ketamine aquka iK, i-Special K, i-Vitamin K, i-super acid, i-super c, i-bump, i-cat Valium, i-green, ioli yeoli, i-coke ekhethekileyo kunye ne-jet.
Yintoni I-Ketamine Eyabonakala?
I-Ketamine idla ngokubonakala njengombane ocacileyo okanye umpu omhlophe okanye ongasemva. Nangona kunjalo, ingathengiswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwipilisi okanye kwifomsule ifomu. Kuyinto engenakulungiswa kwaye ingenasiphelo.
I-Ketamine Isebenza Kanjani?
Kwizicwangciso zonyango, i-ketamine inikezwa nge-intravenously ukukhuthaza nokugcina i-anesthesia. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, kunokungenwa ngomlomo kwipilisi okanye kwifomsule ifomu. Ngefom ye-liquide, inokufakwa kwi-vein, isetyenziswe kwiziyobisi, okanye ifakwe kwizinto eziphathekayo. Abanye abasebenzisi basebenzisa inkunkuma ye-intramuscularly.
Ngubani Othabatha I-Ketamine?
Njengeziyobisi zesitrato, i-ketamine iye yaziwa ngokuba " yiziyobisi zeglabhu ," ezisetyenziselwa ulutsha kunye nabantu abadala abasemagqatsheni omdaniso kunye neziganeko ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-raves. Ngenxa yokuba ayinasiphelo kwaye ayinambitha kwaye iyakongezwa kwiingxube ngaphandle kokufunyanwa, isetyenziswe njengesilwanyana "sokudlwengulwa komhla."
Njengomuthi wokudlwengulwa komhla, i-ketamine ingenza ukuba ixhoba lingakwazi ukuthetha okanye ukuhamba. Iyakwazi ukukhuthaza u-amnesia ukwenzela ukuba amaxhoba angabi nako ukukhumbula iziganeko ezenzekayo xa ziphantsi kwefuthe, okwenza kube yimpumelelo yokudlwengulwa komhla.
Ziziphi iimphumo zikaKetamine?
Kuba umxhaphazi weziyobisi, imiphumo ye-ketamine ifana ne-PCP, kodwa ingabi njengobunzima kunye nexesha elifutshane. Abasebenzisi bachaza phezulu kwi-ketamine njengento enomtsalane ofantayo okanye imeko yokuhlukanisa i- dissociative state of separation from their bodies. Isilwayo sinokuvelisa i-hallucinogenic-like effects, ehlala ixesha elifutshane, ukusuka kwiyure ukuya kwiiyure ezimbini.
Abanye abasebenzisi be-ketamine bachaza imvakalelo yechungechunge egcweleyo, apho badibanisa namava okufa. Abanye bachaza eli thuba njengento ejulile ngaphakathi kwengqondo ukuba inyaniso ibonakala kude. Eli gama lokuhlukana ngokupheleleyo libizwa ngokuba yi "k-hole".
Iimpembelelo ezingezantsi zeKetamine
Ezinye zeempembelelo eziqhelekileyo zexesha elifutshane ukuba amava abasebenzisi be-ketamine baquka:
- Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakalayo
- Ukudideka nokudideka
- Ukulala
- Ukongeza kwenani lentliziyo
- Ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Euphoria
- Ukuhlaliswa
Iimpembelelo eziphambili zeCetamine
Ngokuxhomekeke kumyinge, abanye abasebenzisi banokufumana ezi ziphumo ezibi kakhulu ze-ketamine:
- Eyona ntshukumo yokusabela
- I-hypotension kunye nengqiqo yenhliziyo engafanelekiyo
- Unzima ukuthetha
- Ukuhamba okungavumelekanga
- Ukuphefumula okanye ukuphefumula
Iimiphumo zexesha elide zeKetamine
Kukho uphando oluthile kwixesha elide lokusetyenziswa kwe-ketamine, kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kweziyobisi kunokuvelisa umlomo, imemori yesikhashana kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba le miphumo ebuchosheni ayinakuphelelwa.
Olunye uphando lwaseBrithani lubone ukuba ukusebenzisa i-ketamine kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ze-urinary tract. Abasebenzisi babike ukunyusa ukukhupha, ukuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni, ukuvuza umchamo, kunye neentlungu zokuchama.
Iingozi Ze-Ketamine Usetyenziso
Kubasebenzisi bokuzithandela be-ketamine yeziyobisi, izingozi - ngaphandle kweempembelelo zengqondo zesikhathi eside-zilala kunye nokusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iziyobisi umsebenzisi angathabatha, kuquka utywala . I-Ketamine inokunyusa imiphumo yamanye ama-sedative njenge-benzodiazepines, i-barbiturates, ne-opiates, engabangela ukufa.
Kwabanye, ingozi ye-ketamine yinto yokuba ingafakwa kwisiphuzo ngaphandle kokufunyanwa. Ukuze ugweme izidakamizwa zokudlwengula, abaphuzayo bayacetyiswa ukuba bangashiyi iziphuzo zabo ezingalindelekanga, jonga njengoko iziphuzo zenu ziza kukhonzwa, kwaye ungalokwamkeli isiselo esivela kumfokazi.
I-Ketamine Overdose ithathwa njani?
Kwizicwangciso zegumbi lokuphucula, i-ketamine ukudlula izigulane ziphathwa ngokuncedisa. Imisebenzi yokuphefumula, yeenhliziyo, kunye nemigudu ye-neurological ijongwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilawulwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zangaphandle ze-ketamine overdose yimiphumo ye-psychotropic, kubandakanywa amaphupha, ukungaqondakali, kunye neengcamango ezifana nabasebenzisi be- LSD kunye ne-PCP. I-Benzodiazepines inokunikwa ukunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa. Oku kufuna ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, njengokuba i-ketamine ukudlula i-ketamine yayingekho kuphela yonyango elungileyo kunye nokudlulelwa kwezilwanyana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza kukuxhalabisa.
Imithombo:
Cottrell, A. M, et al. "Isigulane se-Urinary esichaphazelekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ketamine engapheliyo". I-British Medical Journal 3 Meyi 2008
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. Ingxelo yoPhando lwe-NIDA: I-Hallucinogens kunye neDissociative Drugs kuquka i-LSD, i-PCP, i-Ketamine, i-Dextromethorphan. " Matshi 2001.
US Ulawulo Lokusetyenziswa Kogunyaziso. "Ketamine Factsheet.