Nangona kungekho mzali ofuna ukucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unentsholongwane yengqondo , ingqondo yengqondo ingenzeka ngexesha lokukhula. Ukukwazi ukujonga imiqondiso yengqondo yengqondo kubutsha kukubalulekileyo ekungeneni kwangaphambili.
Ngelishwa, abaninzi abantu abanengqondo yengqondo bathi abazali babo abazange baqaphele iimpawu zokwazisa. Ngokwenzululwazi ka-2011 yiNational Alliance kwiNgqondo Yengqondo, kuphela i-18.2 ekhulwini yabantu abanengqondo yengqondo bathi abazali babo babona iimpawu zesifo sengqondo kwaye bangenelela.
Abazali abaninzi bathembela kubaboneleli bezokwelapha ukuchonga iimpawu zesifo sengqondo okanye i-psychosis. Kodwa, i-4.5% kuphela yabantu abanengqondo yengqondo bathi abasebenzi bezempilo beqaphela iimpawu zabo.
Uphulo lwangokokuqala lunokuphuza, luyeke okanye lutshintshe imiphumo yengqondo. Ngoko kubalulekile ukuba abazali baxelelwe malunga nento yokujonga kunye nendlela yokufumana uncedo.
Sibanzi
I-Psychosis iquka ukuphazamiseka kwengcamango yomntu kunye nemibono eyenza kube nzima ngabo ukuba bahlule oko kwenzekayo noko kungenjalo. I-Psychosis iyimpawu, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ayifumanekanga.
I-Psychosis ivela kumadiresi ahlukeneyo. Nangona abanye abantu banokufumana ukuphazamiseka okuncane, abanye bajamelana nemisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke ngenxa yeempawu zabo.
I-Psychosis ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo, nangona kukho imeko ezithile zezokwelapha kunye neengxaki zegazi ezingabonisa ngengqondo. Ezi zihlandlo zifuna ukuba zihlolwe kwaye zigwetywe ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe i-psychiatric diagnosis.
Ezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zokugula ngengqondo apho i-psychosis ingenzeka khona ziquka:
- I-Schizophrenia - Abaselula abane-schizophrenia babonisa utshintsho kwihambo yabo. Basenokuba neengcamango okanye ukunyenga kunye neempawu zabo ziyakuchukumisa imfundo yabo kunye nolwalamano lwabo.
- Ingxaki ye-Schizoaffective - I- disorders schizoaffective iyenzeka xa umntu eneempawu ezivelele zokukhathazeka kwe-bipolar okanye ukuxinezeleka kunye neentlobo zeempawu zeengqondo ezingase zibe khona kwi-schizophrenia.
- I-Schizophreniform disorder - I- Schizophreniform disorder iquka iimpawu ze-schizophrenia kodwa ixesha lilinganiselwe. Iimpawu zikhoyo kuphela phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu.
- Ingxaki emfutshane yengqondo - Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu bafumana ixesha elizenzekelayo le-psychosis. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nesiganeko sokubandezeleka, njengokulahlekelwa ngumntu othandekayo. Iimpawu zihlala zinyamalale ngaphantsi kweenyanga.
- Ingxaki yengqondo ye-psychotic - Intsha eneengxaki ezinzulu zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi zingase zenze i-hallucinations okanye ilahleko kumxholo wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
- Ingxaki yengqondo ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha - I- Psychosis ngezinye iimeko zivela kwiimeko zempilo zenyama, njenge-tumor yengqondo okanye ukulimala kwentloko.
- Ukukhathazeka kwemizwa - Iingqondo zikhona kwiintetho ezithile zokudakumba okukhulu kunye neengxaki zokubangelwa yi-bipolar.
Iimpawu zokuQala zokuQalisa
Ingqondo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza, njengokwimeko yesifo sengqondo esifutshane, ayiqhelekanga. Uninzi lwabantu abane-schizophrenia, umzekelo, lubonisa iimpawu zesifo sengqondo kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka ngaphambi kokufunyaniswa.
Iintsholongwane zengqondo ziqala ukulahleka kunye nemibandela ethile yokwenyani. Kodwa iimpawu zingabonakala kwithuba elithile, ize zinyamalale. Ngoko abazali banokugxotha iimpawu njengesiqendu okanye bacinge ukuba umntwana wabo ubhetele xa iimpawu zihamba.
Kodwa, ngenxa yokuba umntwana osemva engabonakali ngokubonakalisa iimpawu, akuthethi ukuba akukho nxaki.
Izimpawu zokuqala zengqondo zengqondo zifana nezibonakaliso zokudakumba okanye esinye isifo sengqondo. Iimpawu zokuqwalasela ziquka:
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimpilo
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwimisebenzi eqhelekileyo
- Ukuhamba kweemvakalelo
- Ukunyakaza okungavamile
- Ubunzima, isenzo esifanelekileyo
- Ukungakwazi ukuveza iimvakalelo
- Iingxaki esikolweni kunye nobunzima bokugcina ubudlelwane
Umntwana osemtsha ofumana ingqondo yengqondo unokuziva uloyiko, uhlazekile okanye udidekile. Kuqhelekile ukuba intsha izame ukufihla impawu zabo okanye ukuguqula ezinye iimpawu zokulumkisa ixesha elide kunokwenzeka.
Izibonakaliso zengqondo yengqondo ziyahluka ukusuka kumntu kumntu. Ngoko kubalulekile ukujonga ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo somntwana okanye ukuziphatha.
Hallucinations
I-Psychosis ingabandakanya ukuhlaziywa. Iingcamango zophicotho-zincwadi zihlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hallucination .
Intombazana inokuva iindlebe ezitshilo kuye ukuba zenzeni, zimxwayise ngengozi, okanye ilizwi lingahle landile nje ngxolo yengxolo. Abanye abaselula bayabalisa eli lizwi libonakala livela kwingqondo yakhe, kodwa abanye bacinga ngathi bavavayo amazwi abo ababajikelezayo kubantu abangabikho.
Ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo kubandakanya ukubona izinto ezingekho apho. Intombazana inokubona abantu okanye izinto ezingabonwa ngabanye.
Iingcamango ezinxulumene nazo zibandakanya iphunga. Umntwana osemtsha unokucinga ukuba ufumanisa izivumba ezingekho, njengamafutha, amaqanda abolileyo, okanye udoti. Ezinye iingcamango ezinokuthi zize zize zihambe, ngelixa abanye bangakho konke.
Iintsholongwane ezinokwenziwa kweengxoxo zingaphinda zivakalise ukuvakalelwa kwemizimba engekho. Umntwana osemncinci eneengcamango ezinokuthi angathi ucinga ukuba izigulane zikhwela kuye okanye ukuba umntu uqhubeka embethe ehlombe.
Ukuxhamla
Iintshukumo ezifumana ukukhohlisa zikholelwa iinkolelo zobuxoki ezingahambelani nenkcubeko yabo. Intombazana inokukholwa ukuba urhulumente ulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe ngeTV okanye unokucinga ukuba umntu uzama ukumtyhefuza.
Nangona kungekho bungqina bokuba inkolelo ayiyinyaniso, intsha igcina ukunyenga. Ngeke ukwazi ukuthetha nentombazana yakho ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo okanye ukuyeka ukukhohliswa ngokumxelela ukuba akunjalo.
Ukucinga okuphazamisekileyo
Ngamanye amaxesha intsha enengqondo yengqondo ingabonakalisa intetho engafanelekanga okanye inokudideka. Basenokudideka ngamaxesha okanye bangenza amagama angenanto. Isivakalisi sazo asinakuqonda ngamanye amaxesha.
I-Psychosis inokubangela ukuba inkathazo icinge ngokucacileyo, kunzima ukugxila kunye nokunganeliseki ngokuphathelele kwabanye.
Izinto zobungozi
Akukho nto eyaziwayo malunga nesizathu esona sizathu sengqondo. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezidlala indima.
Iintsholongwane ezinesihlobo esondeleyo, njengomzali okanye umntakwabo oye wafumana ingqondo yengqondo, basengozini enkulu. Ukuba nomzalwana onesifo se-schizophrenia okanye umama onentsholongwane ye-bipolar ene-psychosis, umzekelo, uthetha umntwana osemtsha unokuba mngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa ingqondo.
Uphando lufumene unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-marijuana kunye nengqondo yengqondo. Xa abaphandi balandela abafana aba-2 000 abaselula kwiminyaka engama-10, bafumanisa ukuba abatsha abasebenzisa i-marijuana ubuncinane amahlanu aphindwe kabili ukuba babe nokuphucula i-psychosis, xa kuthelekiswa nalabo abazange bathe ipopi.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ukutshaya inambuzane kungabangela ukuba iimpawu zengqondo yengqondo zivele ngaphambili. Abaphandi bafumene i-marijuana ababhemayo banokuthi babe neengqondo zengqondo kwiminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuba abangenazo iintombi zokutshaya.
Kutsha kakhulu ukuba abaphandi baphumelele ukuba i-marijuana ibangele ingqondo. Kodwa, abanye abaphandi bacingela ukuba inambuzane iphazamisa ukuphuhlisa kwengqondo. Ebudeni bokuba beselula, xa amaziko eengqondo kunye neengcamango zengqondo eqhubeka esenza uqhagamshelwano olutsha, abanye abaphandi bacinga ukuba i-marijuana inyusela umntu osemtsha ukukhuseleka kwengqondo yengqondo.
Abaphandi baye bajonga izinto ezingqongileyo ezinokuthi zisebenze ngokusasazeka kwemvelo ezikhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-psychosis Ezinye izixhumanisi ezinokwenzeka ziquka:
- I-hypoalxia ye-fetal - I- hypoalia ye-Fetal iyenzeka xa i-oksijini yengane iphazamiseka. Ingabangela iziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye kwinqanaba lexakeka.
- Ukusuleleka koomama - Umntwana onomama osuleleka xa ekhulelwe, unokuba ngumngcipheko omkhulu we-schizophrenia.
- Ubudala bobazali - Izifundo eziliqela ziye zadibanisa ubudala bobawo kwingozi yokunyuka kwe-schizophrenia. Ishumi ngalinye elishumi lobomi booyise landisa umngcipheko we-schizophrenia kwinzala ngamaxesha ama-1.5.
- Ukungondleki kokubeleka kokubeleka - Ngexesha lexesha leendlala, ixabiso le-schizophrenia landa. Ukungabikho kwamavithamini athile, afana ne-vitamin B kunye noD baye badibaniswa namazinga aphezulu e-schizophrenia.
- I-Trauma - Abantu abadala abane-schizophrenia babika amazinga aphakamileyo okwexinzelelo lwabantwana.
- Indawo engqongileyo yentsapho - Iinkalo ezithile zeendawo ezingabhubhiliyo kubantwana ziye zadibaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwangoko kwengqondo.
Unyango
Akukho nonyango lwe-psychosis. Kodwa, unyango lufumaneka ukulawula iimpawu. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza intsha ifumana uncedo, bhetele isiphumo sinokwenzeka.
Ukungenelela kwentsapho kuyintloko kubaselula abaneengqondo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba inxaxheba yabazali inokukhusela kakhulu ekukhuseleni kwakhona.
Ukongenelela kwintsapho kungaquka ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zoqhagamshelwano kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki. Ukudala indawo yokuhlala yasekhaya kunye nokufunda indlela yokunceda imizamo yeselula inokuba luncedo ekubuyiseni.
Abazali bayazuza ngokufunda indlela yokulungisa utshintsho kwikhaya. Umntwana osemtsha kunye nengqondo yengqondo angakwazi ukufumana abantwana abancinci okanye abanako ukuhlala ekhaya bodwa ixesha elide, nangona kunjalo, u-17, umzekelo.
Abazali kaninzi bafumana ubuninzi benetyala kunye nokuxhalaba xa umntwana esakhulayo ekhula ngengqondo. Unyango kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo lunokunceda abazali baqwalasele loo mvakalelo ngendlela ephilileyo.
Iintsholongwane zinokuzuza kwakhona kumachiza. I-antipsychotic imithi inokukunceda ukulinganisela amanye amachiza eengqondo egalelo kwiingcamango, ukukhohlisa kunye nokucinga okuphazamisekileyo.
Ulwaphulo lomntu ngamnye lunokuthi lube yinto ebalulekileyo yonyango lolutsha lweengqondo. Ukunyanga kwengqondo yokuziphatha kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo kunokukunceda umntwana ukuba afunde indlela yokujongana noxinzelelo kunye nemingeni ephuma kwi-psychosis.
Kubalulekile ukuba intsha eneengqondo ifundiswe ngokugula kwayo. Umntwana osemtsha oqonda iimpawu zakhe uya kuxhotyiswa kangcono ukujamelana nemicimbi ebhekene nayo.
Uqeqesho lwezakhono zobomi lungaba yinxalenye yonyango. Intombazana inokufuna ukuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo ekuncedeni ukuba asebenzisane noontanga ngendlela efanelekileyo yoluntu, okanye unokufuna uncedo oluqhuba imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokuhlamba nokulungiselela ukutya.
Ukufumana Uncedo
Ukuba ubona nayiphi na imiqondiso yengqondo yengqondo yakho kwintsapho yakho, funa uncedo lwezakhono ngokukhawuleza. Thetha nodokotela wakho osetsheni malunga neengxaki zakho. Ingane yakho inokuthi ihanjiswe kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, njengengqondo yesifo sengqondo okanye i-psychologist, ukuphonononga kwakhona.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala esengozini esheshayo, biza 911 okanye uye kwigumbi lakho lezandla zengxamiseko. Umntwana osetsheni osongela ubundlobongela okanye ukuzilimaza kufuneka uncedo olungxamisekileyo.
> Imithombo
> Kuepper R, van Os J, Lieb R, Wittchen H, Hofler M, Henquet C. Ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis kunye nobungozi beemeko kunye nokuphikelela kwempawu zengqondo: Ukufunda isifundo seqela eli-10. BMJ . 2011; 342 (mar01 1): d738-d738. i-doi: 10.1136 / bmj.d738.
> I-Mack A. I-Cannabis Usetyenziso kunye nokuSungulwa koPhezulu lweSikhuseli: I-Meta-analysis analysis. Incwadi Yonyaka Yengqondo Neengxaki Zempilo Yengqondo . 2011; 2012: 5-6.
> Iziphumo ezivela kwi-NAMI yoNyaka ka-2011. Isiqephu sokuqala: I-Psychosis.