Amacandelo okuFunda okuKhulisayo nokuKhumbula
Ukuqonda ukufunda ngethuba ngamanye amaxesha kuba ngumngeni kubafundi abanokwenyuka kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwempilo (ADHD) . Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda izinto zokufunda, umfundi kufuneka akwazi ukuqonda nokuchonga amagama kunye nokugcina ingqwalasela kunye nomzamo. Ukuqonda ukuqonda kufuna ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo imemori yokusebenza kunye nolwazi lwenkqubo ngendlela efanelekileyo nefanelekileyo.
Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abane-ADHD banokulahleka kule mimandla, ukufunda kunokuba nzima. Ngenhlanko kukho izicwangciso ezi zinto aba bafundi abangayisebenzisa ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokufunda nokubhala.
Ukubonisa abantwana abane-ADHD kwiiNcwadi eziPhakamileyo
Ngaba unomntwana one-ADHD onzima ukufunda kakuhle? Zama ukubanika iincwadi ezinjalo zabantwana malunga nezifundo ezithandayo. Ukuba umfundi uthanda izitimela, umzekelo, umntwana ufunde incwadi malunga nesihloko. Ukunika iincwadi zezingane malunga nezihloko abazithandayo kunokubanceda benze umsebenzi olungcono wokukhumbula oko bakufundileyo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, fundisa umfundi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala nokubhala, kuquka indlela yokuba ngumfundi osebenzayo. Abafundi abane-ADHD baya kuba nexesha elilula ukugcina ingqwalasela ekufundeni iigatshana ezinomdla, ezivuselelayo kunye nobude obufutshane.
Nceda Abafundi abane-ADHD Hlala ugxile
Nciphise iziphazamiso zangaphandle ngexesha lokufunda. Abanye abafundi bafunda ngokubhetele kwiindawo ezizolileyo, ngelixa abanye bekhetha ingxolo emhlophe, njengezandi zomsindo okanye umculo, ngelixa ufunda.
Vumela umfundi ukuba afunde kwiinkcukacha zexesha, athathe ikhefu ukuze ajikeleze aze aqhubeke. Fundisa abafundi ukuba basebenzise njani uphawu lwamaphepha ukugcina indawo yabo kwiphepha. Slayida ibhukumaka phantsi kwephepha elilodwa kwikota ngexesha. Xa ufunda iindinyana ezinde, banceda abafundi bahlule izinto zokufunda zibe ngamacandelo amancinci kangangokuba akunjalo.
Faka amacebo okuFunda asebenzayo
Fundisa izicwangciso zokufunda ezikhutheleyo ezifana nokubeka kunye nokuthatha inqaku. Ukubonelela abafundi abaneepensele eziqhelekileyo kunye neembala, iipeniti ezinemibala kunye nama-highlighters, kunye namanqaku okuposa. Sebenzisa imibala eyahlukeneyo yokugqamisa amanqaku abalulekileyo okanye iindinyana. Sebenzisa amapensele okanye amanqaku ukugxininisa, inkwenkwezi, isangqa, njl. (Ukuba umfundi akakwazi ukubhala encwadini, enye inketho ngumzali ukuthenga ikopi yesibili yencwadi ukuze umfundi angakubonisa inkcazelo ebalulekileyo. Inketho kukubonelela ikopi yefowuni yezinto eziphathekayo.) Sebenzisa i-post-it-amanothi ukuze uhlawule amanqaku ukukhumbula. Hamba umfundi ngale nkqubo, ukuchaza nokucwangcisa amacebo, ukugqamisa iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kunye. Qhubekani ukubonelela lo mkhuba okhokeleyo ukunceda umfundi ukuba akwazi ukuphucula ubuchule kunye nokufunda "okusebenzayo" kunye nabanye.
Ukubonwa kokuQonga ukuPhucula ukuVisisa ukuFunda
Hlola umxholo nomfundi. Gqamisa amanqaku aphambili eencwadi ukuba afundwe ngokulandelana okufanayo njengoko kubonakala kwinqanaba. Ukubonelela ngolwazi ngokubanzi malunga nesihloko sendawo, ukulungiswa, abalinganiswa, iimpikiswano kwibali, njl. Ngaphambi kokuba umfundi aqale ukufunda ivesi, mhambise ngeendlela ezininzi zokujonga ngokujonga isihloko sokufundwa kokufunda, izihloko, imifanekiso, isibindi okanye izivakalisi ezichaziweyo , iibhola zecaleni, kunye nezoqendu.
Thetha malunga nendlela okufundwa ngayo izinto zokufunda.
Fundisa abafundi ukuba bafumane njani iziqendu zokuqala kunye neziqendu. Sebenzisa iimephu zamabakala ukuze kuncede abafundi bachonge baze baququzelele iinqununu eziphambili zezixhobo zokufunda. Ukuphonononga nokunika iinkcazo zaso nasiphi na isigama esitsha esiya kufumaneka kwicandelo lokufunda.
Fundisa abantwana ukuba bafunde ngokukhawuleza Funda ngokuvakalayo
Fundisa umfundi ukuba angene njani xa efunda. Ngokuchasene nokufunda ngokuzenzekelayo, iindlela zokutshintshela ukuthetha amagama owafunde ngokuvakalayo kodwa ngokukhawuleza. Abanye akufanele bakwazi ukuva ukufunda umfundi. Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo isicwangciso esihle sokuncedisa ukuqonda, kodwa kubafundi abathile bayanciphisa inkqubo yokufunda kwaye banokukhathazeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufunda okungasese kunokuba nzima kubafundi ngeengxaki. Igalelo lokuhlola abayifumanayo ngokuxhaswa ngokukhawuleza banceda aba bafundi bajolise kwingcamango.
Beka iindlela zokujonga ukusetyenziswa
Bafundise iindlela zokufunda ukuba baqaphele ukuba baqonda njani oko bakufundayo. Yenza iziqendu kunye nesishwankathelo seziqendu, ubuze imibuzo malunga nezinto ezifundayo ngelixa ufunda, uqikelele ngezinto ezinokwenzeka emva koko, uphinde ufunde ngokucacileyo ngakumbi. Utitshala angafanisa lo mkhono ngokufunda ngokuvakalayo abafundi kunye nokuyeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwitekisi ukubeka izimvo kwiinkqubo zengqondo ezihambelana nokufunda ukuqonda. Xa abafundi befunda izinto abanokuzuza ngazo ngokusebenzisa i-tape recorder ukuba bayishwankathele ezi nkqubo ngokuncediswa ngutitshala.
Enye ingcinga kukuba utitshala uncede umfundi ugxininise iingcamango ezibalulekileyo. Ngaba umfundi ufunde amaqaku aqakathekileyo kwi-tape recorder, ubuyekeze, uze uthethe ngezo ngcamango. Abanye abafundi banenzuzo ekuboniseni izinto, ukubonisa imiba, ukwenza imifanekiso nemifanekiso ukwandisa ukukhumbula nokuqonda izinto eziphambili kwinqanaba.
Nika abafundi ithuba lokufunda
Vumela umfundi ukuba atye ixesha lokufunda. Abafundi abaninzi abane-ADHD abanobuthathaka kwimemori yokusebenza kunye nesantya esicothayo sokucwangcisa ulwazi ngethuba elongezelelweyo lokufunda nokuqonda izinto. Eli xesha longezelelweyo linika umfundi ithuba elifanelekileyo lokucwangcisa kakuhle izinto eziphathekayo. Ngexesha elide, banokubukela emva ukucacisa nayiphi na idideko kwaye bafunde kwakhona itekisi yokuqonda okungcono.
Umthombo:
UThomas E. Brown, uPhilip C. Reichel, uDonald M. Quinlan; Isebe leengqondo, iYale University of Medicine. "Ixesha elongeziweyo liphucula amanqaku okuvavanya ukuvavanya ukuvavanya i-ADHD" I-Journal Open kwi-Psychiatry; 1, 79-87, Oktobha 2011.
UMel Levine, uLonophelo lwezeMfundo: Inkqubo yokuQondisisa nokuNcedisa abantwana abanokuhlukana kokuFunda ekhaya nakwiSikolo. IiNkonzo zoThuculo zoTitshala, ngo-2001.
USydney S. Zentall, i-ADHD kwiMfundo: iziseko, iziganeko, iindlela kunye nokusebenzisana. Person Education, Inc. 2006.