Inkumbulo ebonakalayo imemori emfutshane kakhulu evumela abantu ukuba bagcine iimpembelelo zengcaciso yolwazi emva kokuba i-original stimulus iphelile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucatshangelwa nje ngokuba yinqanaba lokuqala lokukhumbula elibandakanya ukubhalisa ubungakanani benkcazelo malunga nendalo, kodwa nje kuphela ixesha elifutshane. Injongo yememori yecala ukugcinwa kolwazi ixesha elide ukuba liqondwe.
Umsebenzi Wesikhumbuzo Esisemgangathweni?
Ngethuba lemizuzu yonke yobukho bakho, iingqondo zakho zihlala zithatha ininzi enkulu yolwazi malunga noko ubonayo, ukuziva, ukuva, kunye nokutya. Nangona le nkcazelo ibalulekile, akukho ndlela yokukhumbula nganye nganye iinkcukacha malunga noko uhlangabezana nazo zonke iimzuzu. Endaweni yoko, imemori yakho yengqondo idala into 'yokutshintshana' ngokukhawuleza kwehlabathi elikujikelezile, kukuvumela ukuba ugxininise ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.
Ngoko ke imfutshane kangakanani imemori yentliziyo? Iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba ezi zikhumbuzo ziphela ezintathu okanye ngaphantsi .
Ngexesha elidlulileyo, imemori yeengqondo ivumela ukuba sihlale sisigxininiso senkqubela yemvelo nangona emva kokuba imvelaphi yolwazi yokuqala iphelile okanye iphelile. Ngokuya kule nkcazelo, sinokudlulisa iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kwisigaba esilandelayo sememori, esaziwa njengememori yesikhashana .
Iingcamango zoLwazi lweSperling
Ubungakanani bememori yecala yaqala ukuphandwa ngexesha lama-1960 ngesazi seengqondo uGeorge Sperling.
Kwimvavanyo yeklasi, abathathi-nxaxheba bajonge kwiskrini kunye nemiqolo yeebhayibhile zagqatshwa kancinci - nje ngo-1/20 kweyesibini. Emva koko, isikrini asizange siphume. Abathathi-nxaxheba bathetha ngokukhawuleza kweencwadana abazikhumbulayo ezibonayo.
Nangona ininzi yabathathi-nxaxheba bekwazi ukunika ingxelo malunga neencwadi ezine okanye ezintlanu, abanye babenzela ukuba babone zonke iileta kodwa ukuba ulwazi luphelile ngokukhawuleza njengoko bebaxelele.
Uphefumlelwe ngolu hlobo, u-Sperling wabe esebenzisa inguqu ehlukeneyo yovavanyo olufanayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba baboniswe imiqolo emithathu yeetekisi ezine ngolayini ngomqolo we-1/20 th wesibini, kodwa emva kwangoko isikrini singabi nalutho, abathathi-nxaxheba bakuva itoni ephakamileyo, ephakathi okanye ephantsi. Ukuba izifundo zaziva ithoni ephakamileyo, zaza kufuneka zixele umgca ophezulu, abo babeva umgangatho ophakathi babeza kuxela umgca ophakathi kunye nabo babeva umgangatho ophantsi babeza kuxela umgca ongaphantsi.
Ukufunyanwa kufumane ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bakwazi ukukhumbula iileta nje ngelixa ithoni ityhulwa kwisinye kwisithathu sesibini kubonakaliso beleta. Xa ixesha lidluliselwa ngaphezu kweyesithathu kwisibini, ukuchaneka kweengxelo zeleta kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye nantoni na ngaphezu kweyesibini enye yenza ukuba akunakwenzeka ukukhumbula iileta. I-Sperling icetyise ukuba ekubeni abathathi-nxaxheba babejolise kwingqalelo yabo kumgca obonisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba imemori yabo ebonakalayo iphelile, bakwazi ukukhumbula ulwazi. Xa ithoni yavakala emva kokuba imemori yeenzwa iphelile, ukukhumbula kwakungeke kwenzeke.
Iintlobo
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori yokukhumbula.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori yecala ziye zaboniswa ukuba zinemizuzu embalwa eyahlukileyo.
- Imemori ye-Iconic , eyaziwa nangokuthi imemori yezinto ezibonakalayo, ibandakanya umfanekiso omfutshane. Olu hlobo lweememori zengqondo luhlala malunga nekota enye kwisiqingatha sesibini .
- Imemori ye-Echoic , eyaziwa nangokuthi imemori yechungechunge yechungechunge, iquka imemori emfutshane kakhulu yesandi efana ne-echo. Olu hlobo lweememori zengqondo lunokuhlala ixesha elide ukuya kwimizuzu emithathu ukuya kwezine .
- Imemori ye-Haptic , eyaziwa nangokuthi imemori yokukhumbula, iquka imemori emfutshane yechukumisi. Olu hlobo lweememori zengqondo luhlala malunga nemizuzu emibini .
ILizwi
Inkumbulo ebonakalayo ibandakanya indima ebalulekileyo ekunakho ukuthatha ulwazi kunye nokusebenzisana nehlabathi elikujikelezayo. Olu hlobo lwenkumbulo likuvumela ukuba ugcine ukubonakala okufutshane malunga nenani elikhulu lolwazi olukufutshane nawe. Kwamanye amaxesha, le ngcaciso ingadluliselwa kwimemori yesikhashana, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, le ngcaciso ilahleka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona imemori yengqondo ingaba mfutshane, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwingqwalasela nakwiinkqubo zememori.
> Imithombo:
I-Dubrowski, A. (2009). Ubungqina bememori ye-haptic. Ukuqhubela phambili: I-World Haptics 2009 - Ingqungquthela yesithathu ye-EuroHaptics kunye neSymposium kwi-Interfaces ye-Haptic yeNdalo engqongileyo kunye ne-Teleoperator Systems, eSalt Lake City, UT, eU.SA. i-doi: 10.1109 / WHC.2009.4810867
> Friedenberg, J & Silverman, G. Isayensi yeCognitive: Isingeniso kwiSifundo soMqondo. Publications SAGE; 2015.