Ukugxininisa kakhulu kwiqela le-Mindset Kungabangela ukuba iFobias
I-Groupthink yinto yesiganeko eyenzekayo xa iqela lenza uluvo olukhawulezayo oluhambelana nokuvumelana kweqela, kunokuba lihlolisise ulwazi. I-hysteria yeMisa ibonakala njengomzekelo ogqithiseleyo weqela.
I-Groupthink ibonakala ivela ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho inkokeli ehloniphekileyo okanye ekholisayo, amalungu aphefumulayo ukuba avumelane nengcamango yakhe.
I-Groupthink maxa wambi ichanekile kodwa idla ngokubonakalayo ekukhanyeni okubi, ngokukodwa kwi-US nakwamanye amazwe axabisa uluvo lomntu ngamnye.
Imbali yeBluethink
I-Groupthink idla ngokuqhagamshelana nezoshishino, ezopolitiko kunye nokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo, kodwa ihambelana nokusebenza kwengqondo ye-phobias kunye nokuxhaswa kobunzima.
Igama elithi "groupthink" lenziwe ekuqaleni kwee-1970 nge-psychologist Irving L. Janis. Ngomnyaka we-1972, uJanis washicilela incwadi yakhe ethi Victims of Groupthink: Isifundo seSengqondo seMigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe angaphandle kunye neFiascoes . Ngaloo nto, uchaza "iqela" njengokuthi "ingqondo yengqondo yokubambisana naziphi na iindleko ezithintela ukuchasana nokuhlaziywa kwezinye iindlela kwiindawo ezenza isigqibo."
I-Janis ibone iimpawu ezisibhozo zeqela, ziquka ukucinga okungekho nto, ukuzincoma kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngqo.
I-Janis ibeka i-groupthink kwi-"fiascos" yezopolitiko njengoko i-Bay of Pigs ihlasela, ukungaphumeleli ukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa kwePearl Harbour, ukunyuka kweMfazwe yaseVietnam kunye ne-Watergate.
Abaphengululi baye baqhubeka bexela iziganeko ezinjalo njengezigqibo zokuqalisa i-Challenger, i-Iran-Contra affair, kunye ne-Enron ecaleni kweqela.
I-Groupthink ne-Mass Hysteria
Kukholelwa ukuba i-groupthink iyanda njengoko ukuhlanganisana kweqela kunyuka. Oku kunokukunceda ukuchaza ingxaki yengqondo yexinzelelo.
I-mass hysteria yaziwa ngokuba yi-epidemic hysteria, isifo sengqondo esisisigxina, kunye nesifo sobudlelwane bezenzo. Ngokwe-1997 uphando olwenziwa ngu-Johns Hopkins School School of Hygiene kunye neMpilo Yoluntu, ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto ezinzima kukuthi "isigxina seempawu ezibonisa ukugula, kodwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, esenzeka phakathi kwabantu ababini okanye ngaphezulu ababelana ngeenkolelo ezinxulumene ezo zimpawu. " "Kubonakala njengento yentlalo ebandakanya abantu abaphilileyo."
Abanye oogqirha beengqondo bakholelwa ukuba ukuxhatshazwa komzimba luhlobo lweqela. Kwimiba yobunzima bobukhulu, amalungu eqela onke ahlakulela ukwesaba okuqhelekileyo okuhlala kushukunyiswa. Amalungu eqela atyusa iimpendulo zomzwelo, okwenza ukwethuka kwande.
Izilingo ze-Salem kunye nexhala malunga neMfazwe ye-Worlds ukusasazwa kwerediyo kunokubhekwa njengemizekelo yobungqina obukhulu obuhlobene neqela.
Icala elipapashwe ngokubanzi elinokubakho kokuxhalabisa kwenzeke ngo-2011 eNew York xa amavazana asetsheni avela kwisikolo esiphakamileyo aqala ukubonisa ingxaki engachaziyo.
Imithombo:
Iingcali zeNkcazo yeNhlangano. Isahluko 15, "Groupthink: I-Desperate Drive yokuBonisana nangaliphi na indleko," u-Irving L. Janis.
ENew York Times. "Yintoni Eyenzeka Ngamantombazana ELe Roy?" Susan Dominus.
> Amaxhoba enkqutyana: Ukufundwa kwengqondo malunga nezigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle kunye namafiascoes. Irving L. Janis.