Ukusela Ukuxinwa Kwengcinezelo Kwangathi Kwangokunjalo Kuhlanganiswe Ingxaki
Ubomi bunokuba buzele uxinzelelo. Imiba ivela kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla eyenza sibuhlungu, umsindo, ukwesaba, ukuxhalabisa kunye nokuzonwabisa. Ngokwemvelo, uxinzelelo luchazwa njengento enzima ukuba umzimba usebenze ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
Ukulimala, ukugula, okanye ukuvezwa kwamaqondo atshisayo kakhulu kunokubangela uxinzelelo kumzimba. Ukudabuka, ukuxinezeleka, ukwesaba kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kunokubangela uxinzelelo lweengqondo.
Umzimba womntu uye wavelisa inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunye neyobubanzi yokulungelelanisa kwiimeko eziyingozi okanye eziyingozi ezidalwe ngcinezelo ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yomzimba, urhulumente obizwa ngokuba yi-homeostasis.
Xa umzimba uhlangabezana noxinzelelo, okanye ukuxinezeleka okubonakalayo, kuququzelela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula umzimba kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ngendlela yokutya kunye neyokugcina i-endocrine ukufezekisa injongo yokugcina i-homeostasis nokujongana noxinzelelo.
Abantu abaninzi abajamelana neemeko ezixinzelelekileyo okanye izinto ezisongelayo baya kutshintsha utywala ukuze babhekane noxinzelelo. Ingxaki ngolo hlobo utywala ngokwayo ingabangela uxinzelelo kumlinganiselo womzimba womzimba.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba utywala uthatha inkokhelo yengqondo yomzimba kunye nomzimba kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo unokuqulunqa iziphumo zoxinzelelo.
Ukusela utywala kunokubonakala kunika iimvakalelo eziphumayo kunye nokuphumula - kwixesha elifutshane, kodwa njengoko iziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo ziqhubeka ixesha elide, ukusetyenziswa kotywala okunzima kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zonyango nezengqondo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo
Abaphandi baye bachonga ezine iindidi eziphambili ngezizathu zokuxinezeleka:
- Uxinzelelo lobomi ngokubanzi
- Iziganeko ezimbi
- Uxinzelelo lwabantwana
- Uxinzelelo oluncinci lwabantu
Ji kelele-Ubomi beengxaki
Eminye imizekelo yoxinzelelo kubomi banzi iquka utshintsho olukhulu njengokuhamba, ukuqala umsebenzi omtsha okanye ukutshata okanye uqhawule umtshato.
Ukugula, ukufa kwintsapho okanye iingxaki ekhaya okanye emsebenzini kungabangela ukuba kubangele iimeko ezibangela uxinzelelo.
Ukusela kakhulu utywala kunokubangela uxinzelelo lobomi bokubanzi, njengokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, kubangela iingxaki zobudlelwane okanye kubangela iingxaki zomthetho.
Iziganeko ezimbi
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokunyuka kwiinyanga ezili-12 emva kweentlekele ezinkulu, nokuba zenziwe ngabantu okanye zendalo. Ezinye iziphumo zifumene ukuba iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kotywala kunokunyuka emva kweziganeko ezinjengeSeptemba 11, iHuvane Katrina, okanye iBhomu yaseKlahoma.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcaphephe zifumene ukuba ukwandiswa kweentlekele ekunyuseni kotywala kufana nokunyuka emva konyaka kunye nezinye iingcali azifumananga ukwanda kwamanxila emva kweentlekele ezinkulu.
Ukunyamezela kwabantwana
Ukungabikho kakubi ebuntwaneni-ukuxhatshazwa ngokomzimba, ngokwesondo okanye kumzimba okanye ukunyanzelwa - kunokuba nemiphumo ehlala njalo, okubangele ipesenti enkulu yabantu bonke abadala.
Ubundlobongela ebuntwaneni bunyusela umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kotywala kokubili kwasekuqaleni nasekukhuleni. Oku kunjalo ngo kwenene kubantwana abakhula kwiminxila, abaphandi baxela.
Ukuxinezeleka kobuhlanga
Ukuxinezeleka okubangelwa ngumntu omncinci obuncinane kunokuba lube lukhulu ukusuka kumncinci ukuya kunzima kwaye lunokuba lukhuphe ngokomzimba okanye ngokomzimba.
Abaxinzeleleli banokungabinakwa ukunyuswa emsebenzini ukuba babe lixhoba lobundlobongela obunobundlobongela, ngokomzekelo.
Ukuqaphela ubuninzi bexinzelelo obuncinane obunxulumene nokunyusa utywala sele kunzima kubaphandi ukuba bancede ngenxa yezinye izinto ezinobungozi phakathi kwamaqela amancinci - njengendlela yokusela kunye neentlukwano kwi-alcohol metabolism.
Ukujamelana Nokuxinezeleka
Xa umzimba uphantsi kwengxaki, ngokukhawuleza uguqula iinkqubo zawo eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweempawu kwiindawo eziphezulu, ukuxhomekeka kwinkqubo ye-axis-aditual-adrenal (HPA) eqondileyo ukuguqula amanqanaba eendumi ze-hormonal kuwo wonke umzimba.
Inkqubo ye-axis i-HPA ijolise izitho ezithile ukuba zilungiselele umzimba ukuba zilwe neengxaki zokubandezeleka okanye zibalekele kuyo-impendulo yomzimba-okanye-ye-flight response.
I-hormone i-cortisol idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpendulo yomzimba ekugxininiseni ngokunyusa amandla ngokunyusa amazinga e-glucose kunye nokwandisa ukubonelela ngeemveliso ngokubambisa i-fat and protein metabolism.
Impendulo yomzimba ophilileyo ekuxinezeleko kuquka i-spike esheshayo kumanqanaba e-cortisol elandelwa ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kulawo mazinga xa usongelo okanye uxinzelelo luphelile.
Uxinzelelo kunye nokuzinzi
Ukuvuselela kukukwazi ukujamelana noxinzelelo. Umntu onamandla ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa neziganeko zengqondo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ezichaphazelekayo kwimpendulo yomzimba.
Uphando lufumene ukuba abantu abanesimo sengqondo esilungileyo, abanethemba kunye neendlela ezintle zokuxazulula iingxaki kunye nezakhono zokuhlangabezana nazo bahlala bejongene nokunyamezela ngokuphumelelayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abonakalisa ukungahambi, ukufuna izinto ezintsha, iimvakalelo eziphazamisayo kunye neempawu ezixhalabisayo nazo zidibene nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki zokusetyenziswa kakubi ngokweziyobisi - kunzima ukujongana noxinzelelo.
Abantu abangaboni kakuhle uxinzelelo kwaye ngenxa yoko basengozini yokuphuhliswa kwezidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kotywala kuquka:
- Abo banembali yobunxila bentsapho
- Abantwana abanomama ophuza ngexesha lokukhulelwa
- Abantu abajongene nokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana okanye ukunganakwa
- Abo baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo
Impembelelo yoTywala kwiMpendulo yoxinzelelo
Iimpawu ze-HPA zomzimba zisebenza nzima ukugcina ukulinganisela komzimba, kodwa xa utywala udibaniswa kumxube ubeka umzimba emngciphekweni omkhulu wengozi.
Utywala lubangela inani eliphezulu le-cortisol ukuba likhutshwe liguqule i-chemistry ye-brain kunye nokulungisa oko umzimba usibheka "ngokuqhelekileyo." Utywala uguqula ibhalansi ye-hormone kwaye utshintshe indlela umzimba obona ngayo uxinzelelo kwaye utshintshe indlela esabela ngayo kwingcinezelo.
Utywala luvimbela umzimba ukuba ungabuyeli kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulinganisela kwe-hormone, ukuliphoqa ukuba usethe indawo entsha yokusebenza ngokomzimba (khangela umfanekiso ongentla). Oku kuthiwa yi-allostasis.
Ukusekwa kwinqanaba elitsha lokulinganisela kugxininisa kwaye kutyunyuze umzimba kwaye kwandisa ingozi yezifo ezinzulu, kuquka ukutywala utywala.
Utywala kunye neCortisol
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-cortisol idibanisa nomvuzo weengqondo okanye iinkqubo zokuzonwabisa ezinokubangela ukuba iziphumo zokuxilisa utywala- ukuphoqa abaphuzayo ukuba badle amaninzi amaninzi ukuze bafumane impembelelo efanayo.
I-Cortisol nayo inokukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwenkcubeko, ukunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ngumntu onxilayo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda.
Ukongezelela, abaphandi baye badibanisa i-cortisol ekuphuhliseni ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezifo zengqondo ezifana nokudandatheka.
Indima yoTywala Kwixinzelelo
Ucwaningo lufumene le miba yendlela ukuxinezeleka kuhlobene ngayo nokusetyenziswa kotywala:
- Amadoda nabasetyhini abavakalisa amanqanaba aphezulu okusela izidakamizwa
- Amadoda agxininisekile anamaxesha angama-1.5 amathuba okutywala kunabesifazane
- Amadoda anamaxesha angama-2.5 amathuba okuba neengxaki zokusetyenziswa kotywala
Ukunyamezela nokuNxiliswa koTywala
Ukuxinezeleka kunokuqhubeka nokuba nomphumo nangemva kokuba umntu eyeka ukusela. I-axis ye-HPA, inkqubo ejongene nokuphendula kwengcinezelo, ilandelelwe kwiimpawu zokurhoxiswa kotywala .
Abantu abaninzi abasandul 'ukuxilisa baqala ukusela kwakhona ukuze banciphise iimpawu zokurhoxa. Ngenxa yoko abaphandi bazama ukuphuhlisa imishanguzo eya kubuyisa umlinganiselo kwisistim somzimba wokuphendula uxinzelelo ekunciphiseni iimpawu zokurhoxiswa kotywala kunye nokukunceda ukukhusela ukuphinda uhlaziye utywala.
Uphando olwalamano phakathi koxinzelelo kunye notywala lunokunceda ababoneleli ngezempilo ngokuchonga izigulane ezisengozini yokuphuza utywala ngokutsha kwakhona kunye nokunceda izigulane zijongane nendlela uxinzelelo olunokubangela ukuba baphuze ngayo.
Imithombo:
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "Ikhonkco phakathi koxinzelelo kunye noTywala." Ukwaziswa kotywala Ufikeleleke ngoJanuwari 2016
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "Utywala kunye noxinzelelo." Utywala Lwazisa Ngo-Ephreli 1996