Ngaba amaGrike azalwa okanye ayenziwe?
AmaHlathi achukumisa iintliziyo zethu, asihlambulule ngokumangalisa, aze asenze sicinge ngeembono zethu zehlabathi. Jonga nje kwi-films ye-superhero kule mihla kwaye uyabona ukuba uluntu lwethu luxabiseke kangakanani kwaye luyakuthanda amaqhawe. Yintoni eyenza abantu abathile bathathe isenzo sobuqili ebusweni obukhulu?
Imizekelo yeHarism
Xa ucinga ngobuqhawe, imimiselo embalwa yakutshanje ekwaziseni iyakwazi ukukhumbuza.
Emva kokudutshulwa kwentlekele e-Aurora, eColorado, ngexesha lehlobo lehlobo le-2012, abafazi abathathu ababesinda kulo mdlalo babonakalisa ukuba basindiswe ngamakhwenkwe abo. Amadoda amathathu ayekhusele amantombazana abo kunye nemizimba yabo kwaye afa ngenxa yoko. Ngomnye u-2012 ukudubula kwithempeli laseSikh, indoda enye yafa ezama ukuxhatshaza i-shooter ngexesha elinye lalimala kakhulu njengoko ezama ukukunceda.
NgoJanuwari 2, 2007, abantu abangaba ngu-75 balinde kwisitishi seendlela esasityebileyo bebukele njengoko intombazana ihluphekile kwaye yawa esuka kwipulatifomu kwindlela yokuhamba ngomgwaqo. Ababukeli bebukele ngokukrakra kodwa akenzanga nto, kodwa indoda egama linguWesley Autrey ithatha inyathelo. Ukuhambisa iintombi zakhe ezincinane kumntu ongaziwayo, uyaxhumela emathanjeni enethemba lokuba nexesha lokumdonsa loo ndoda ngaphandle kwendlela yohambo oluzayo. Xa u-Autrey waqonda ukuba kwakungekho ixesha lokuhambisa elinye indoda, esikhundleni sakhe wamgxotha phakathi kweendlela njengoko isitimbela sidlulisela phezulu kwabo.
"Andizivumi ukuba ndenze into ebalulekileyo, ndabona umntu ofuna uncedo." Ndenze into endivakalelwa kukuba, "U-Autrey utshele iThe New York Times emva kwesiganeko.
Ukuchaza iHarism
"Ukunyaniseka kweqhawe kuyinto ephawulekayo, ingathandabuzekiyo. Akuyena umnqweno wokugqithisa bonke abanye kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi iindleko, kodwa unqwenela ukukhonza abanye kungakhathaliseki iindleko." - Arthur Ashe, umdlali we-tennis oqeqeshiweyo
UbuHlumi yinto exabiseke kakhulu kwiinkcubeko, kodwa sichaza njani iqhawe? Yintoni ebangela abanye abantu ukuba bathathe isenzo sobuqhawe? Nangona abaphandi bebazi kakhulu into ebangela ukuba abantu benze izenzo ezichazwe njengezinto ezimbi, ukuqonda kwethu kwinto eyenza abantu abaqhawe abangekho kucacile kwaye iinkcazo zobuqhawe zingahluka kumntu kumntu.
Ngokweprojekthi yeHeroic Imagination Project (HIP), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo egxile ekufundiseni abantu ukuba babe ngamaqhawe kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla, ubuqhawe bubandakanya ukuziphatha okanye isenzo egameni lomnye umntu okanye ngenxa yokuziphatha.
I-HIP ibonakalisa ezi zinto ziphambili zobuqhawe:
- Ngokuzithandela nangenjongo
- Yenziwe kwinkonzo yabantu okanye uluntu oludinga
- Iquka uhlobo oluthile lweendleko zomntu okanye umngcipheko, nokuba ngumzimba, kwentlalo, okanye ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wobomi
- Yenziwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokubuyisela okanye ukuzuza
Iinkcazo zeHarism yiziNgcali
Abaphengululi bezengqondo kunye nabanye abaphandi banobuqhawe bachaza njani ubuqhawe? Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa zeengcebiso ezichazwe yiengcali ezahlukeneyo:
"Kulula nje, ngoko, isitshixo sokubamba iqhawe kukukhathalela abanye abantu abasweleyo-inkxalabo yokuvikela imbangela yokuziphatha, ukwazi ukuba kukho umngcipheko, wenza ngaphandle kokulindela umvuzo." -Filip Zimbardo, "Yintoni eyenza iHero?"
"Sifumene ukuba iinkolelo zabantu malunga namaqhawe athambekele ekulandeleni umzekelo wenkqubo. Emva kokuvota inani labantu, safumanisa ukuba amaqhawe aqondwa ukuba ahloniphekile, afanelekileyo , okanye zombini. iimpawu, esizibiza ngokuthi i -Great 8. Ezi zici zihlakaniphile, ziqinileyo, zinamandla, zizinzi, zixhala, zixhomekeke, zithembeke kwaye zikhuthazayo . . " -Scott T. Allison noGeorge R. Goethals, "Inkcazo yethu 'yeHero'"
"... kubonakala kungabikho nanye into echazwayo eyahlula amaqhawe kunye nokuziphatha kwamaqhawe. AmaH Heroes acatshulwa ngokungafaniyo, kwaye akukho mida eqinile kulolu hlobo loluntu. malunga neqela lomsebenzi (Fiske & Taylor, 2008; Hepper et al., 2012). ukuzincama, ukuzingca, ukuzimisela, ukusindisa, ukukhuthaza, nokunceda. " -Elaine L. Kinsella, uTimoti D. Ritchie, kunye no-Eric R. Igou, "Ukungena kwiiHighes: Uhlalutyo lwamaProjekthi yeHero"
Ezinye iinkcazelo zivame ukugqithisa ubugorha phantsi kweentlobo okanye kwiidriyiti zomngcipheko kunye nomnikelo ochaphazelekayo. Ezinye zibandakanya izenzo ezinje ezifana nokubeka ingozi ebomini bomntu ukuze ugcine omnye umntu, ngelixa ezinye zincinci, iintsuku zemihla ngemihla zenzelwe ukunceda omnye umntu oswele.
Isazi sengqondo senkohlakalo uFrank Farley senza ukubahluko phakathi kokuthi u-H omkhulu "u-hero" kunye "nesibindi." Ubungqina obukhulu be-H bubandakanya umngcipheko omkhulu ongathi unobungozi, ukuya entolongweni, okanye nokufa. Ubuncinane bobuqhawe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubandakanya izinto ezininzi ezenzayo imihla ngemihla; ukunceda umntu ngaphandle, abe nomusa, kunye nokumisela ubulungisa. Ezi zinto azibandakanyi umngcipheko wobuqu kwicala lethu.
Kutheni Abantu Bakhombisa Ubuqhawe
Ngoko ngoku ukuba sazi ngakumbi malunga nobuqhawe, umbuzo uguquka ngokucacileyo ukuba kutheni abantu babe ngamaqhawe? Ngaba zikhona iimpawu zobuqhawe aba bantu babonakala babelana ngazo? UFarley ubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezibini eziphambili kwizenzo ezinkulu zokulwa nesibindi ezibandakanya umngcipheko wokuzilimaza: ukuziphatha kwengozi kunye nokupha. Abantu ababeka ubomi babo emngciphekweni kwinkonzo yomnye ngokuqhelekileyo banokungena emngciphekweni omkhulu kwaye banayo imfesane, inceba, uvelwano kunye nokuthanda .
Abaphandi baye bazi ukuba abantu kunye nezilwanyana banokukwazi ukubanceda abo babanikezele ngokobufuzo, umxholo owaziwa njengokhetho lwezintlu. Ngokubanceda abo babelana ngezifo zethu zegciwane, sinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ezo zityalo ziza kudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Kwezinye iimeko, sinceda abanye ngolindeleko ngelinye ilanga kunokusinceda ekubuyiseleni, ingcamango eyaziwa ngokuba yi-altruism.
Kodwa kuthekani malunga neentlobo zezinto ezingenakunqwenela ukunceda izihlobo okanye ukulinda uhlobo oluthile lokuhlawula? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izimo zenkcubeko, iziko, kunye nobuntu zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Emva kokuba abantu bathathe isenzo sobuqhawe, bahlala becinga ukuba abaziboni njengamaqhawe, ukuba nje benza nje oko nawuphi na umntu kuloo meko ayenokwenza. Xa ubhekene nobomi obusondeleyo kunye neemeko zokufa, amandla kunye nokukhawuleza kwemeko kunokukhuthaza abanye abantu ukuba bathathe inyathelo.
Ubuntu bungabangela iHarism
Le mibutho efana neyobuchule eyenza abanye abantu ukuba benze izenzo zobuqhawe inokubangela ukuba abanye bancedise abanye ukuba bancedise. Xa kukho inkathazo ebusweni babantu abaninzi, sisoloko siwela emgibeni wokungahambi ngokucinga ukuba omnye umntu uya kunika uncedo, into eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo . Ngenxa yokuba uxanduva lomntu luyasasazeka ngenxa yobomi babanye, sikholelwa ukuba omnye umntu uya kuthatha indima yeqhawe.
Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu zobuntu ezibabeka phambili ukuba baziphathe ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo. Abaphandi bacebise ukuba abo baneengqondo ezithile ezenza ukuba baziphathe ngokuzithemba nangokuziphatha kwiimeko ezinzima zithatha ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingacacanga xa kuvela ingxamiseko.
Uhlobo ngokuKhula
Enye yeyona mbuzo iphambili yabaphandi abajongene nayo iya kwi-debate yexesha elidala malunga nemvelo kunye nokunyusa . Ngaba ubugorha into esizalelwe ngayo, okanye ubugorha into enokuyifunda? Kuxhomekeke kwiziphi iingcali ozibuzayo, kodwa nanku uluvo olufanele ukuqiqa:
Abanye abantu baphikisana nabantu bazalwa kakuhle okanye bazalwa ngokubi; ndicinga ukuba akukho nto, "kuchaza uPhilip Zimbardo . "Sonke sizalwe ngolu hlobo olunamandla ukuba sibe nantoni na, kwaye sizuzwe ngeemeko zethu-yintsapho okanye inkcubeko okanye ixesha apho sikhulayo khona, ezona zizingozi zokuzalwa; nokuba sikhule Ummandla wempuphu ngokumelene noxolo: ukuba sikhula sikhohlwempu kunokuba siphumelele. ... Ngoko ke ngamnye wethu unokufumana amandla okwenza izinto ezimbi kodwa nathi sinalo iqhawe elingaphakathi; yokwenza ubuhle obukhulu kwabanye. "
> Imithombo:
> Allison ST, iGoethals GR. Inkcazo yethu ye "Hero." Ipapashwe ngo-Oktobha 15, 2015.
> UBuckley C. Man Ukhululiwe Ngamaqhinga kwiiTransport Tracks. I-New York Times. Ipapashwe ngoJanuwari 3, 2007.
> Farley, F. Iigorha zangempela ze "Dark Knight." PsychologyToday.com. Ipapashwe ngoJulayi 27, 2012.
> Kinsella EL, uRitchie TD, Igou ER. Ukungena kwiiHighes: Uhlalutyo lweNkqubo yokuHlaziya kweeHero. Umbhalo woBuntu kunye neNzululwazi yeNtlalo. 2015; 108 (1): 114-127.
> Iprojekthi yokuHluma kweHeroji. Ngathi .
> Zimbardo P. Yintoni eyenza iHero? Umagazini Omkhulu Omhle. Iziko leZenzululwazi eziLungileyo kwi-UC Berkeley. Ipapashwe ngoJanuwari 18, 2011.