Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ngo-Ephreli 20, 1999, abafundi u-Eric Harris noDylan Klebold bahlasele iColumbine High School, kwaphumela ekufeni kwabafundi abayi-12 kunye notitshala kunye nokulimala abantu abangaphezu kwe-20. Abahlaseli ba gqibela ubomi babo. Nangona kunjalo, izenzo zabo ziyaqhubeka zichaphazela abantu nezikolo namhlanje.
Inkathazo e-Columbine High School yabonisa ukubaluleka kokuchonga iingxaki zobundlobongela kulutsha (njengembali yokuziphatha kakubi , ukuxhatshazwa, ukunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela kumaphephandaba), kunye nesidingo sokuphuhliswa nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezijoliswe ekuqwalaselweni kwangaphambili kwezi zinto zengozi kunye nokuthintela ugonyamelo lwesikolo.
Ngaba Utshintsho Lwenziwe Ezikolweni Njengoko iColumbine?
Iqela labaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseMntla Colorado ne-Englewood Izikolo e-Englewood, eColorado, banomdla ekuhloliseni ukuba yiziphi iinguqu ezikolweni zaseColorado ezenziwe ukususela ngo-Apreli 1999 ukwenzela ukukhusela iziganeko zogonyamelo kwixesha elizayo.
Bathumela uphando kwiingcali zempilo yengqondo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo zaseburhulumenteni ezingama-335 kulo lonke iColorado. Ezi zophando zibuza iingcali zempilo yengqondo ngeenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela ubundlobongela nezicwangciso ezikolweni zabo ngaphambi nangemva kuka-Apreli 1999.
Utshintsho kwiiNkonzo zezeMpilo zengqondo kunye neNkqubo yoKhusela iNdlova
Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zibonisa ukuba ininzi iinkonzo kunye neeprogram zifumaneke kubafundi ngaphambi kokudubula kweColumbine. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi izikolo (malunga ne-88%) zanikezela ngcebiso kubafundi kwaye zineendlela zokwazisa (malunga nama-71%) kunye nokujongana nabo (abafundi abangama-68%) abasenokuba yingozi yobundlobongela.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho utshintsho olwenziwe emva ko-Apreli 1999, uninzi lweenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kunye neenkqubo zokuthintelwa kobundlobongela ezahlolwayo kwanda kakhulu kwiindawo ezikhoyo. Ezinye zeenguqu zihlaziywa ngezantsi.
- Kwandiswe ukwanda kwe-20% kwizikolo ezinezicwangciso zeengxaki
- Kukho ukwanda kwe-10% ekufumanekeni kweengcebiso zeqela
- Phantse i-9% yezikolo ezininzi zineqela elinzima
- Izikolo ezongezelelweyo eziyi-8% zaqala ukuhlolwa ngentsuku zonke kunye nabafundi abasenokuba yingozi yobundlobongela
- Kwakukho ukwanda kwe-8% ekufumanekeni kweenkqubo zokulungiswa kwemibango
- Izikolo ezongezelelweyo ezi-7% zinikezelwa ngoqeqesho lwezentlalo.
Ezinye iinguqu ezenziwe (malunga ne-5% ukuya kwi-7% kunyuka kuzo zonke izikolo) zibandakanya iinkqubo zemfundo ekujonganeni neemvakalelo, ukuphuhlisa iiklasi zabazali, ukungenelela kwamagcisa kubafundi abasengozini, kunye neqela lokusebenzisana kunye nokubonelela unyango lweentsapho.
Noko ke, utshintsho oluthile, lwenzeke malunga nokudala iinkqubo zokuchonga abafundi abasengozini yobundlobongela, ukwandisa ukufumaneka kweenkonzo zonyango zengqondo, ukunikezela ngeengcali, ukufaka iinkqubo zokuqeqesha, ukucebisa abaontanga kunye nokunika iingcebiso ngabanye.
Utshintsho ku khu seleko
Izikolo ezininzi zandise inani loqhinga lokukhusela ubundlobongela (ngokusemthethweni ukhuseleko) emva ko-Apreli 1999.
- Phantse izikolo ezingama-63% zineenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela
- Izikolo ezingaphezulu kwama-40% zenzele ukuqeqeshwa okunzima kwabafundi
- Izikolo ezingaphezulu kwama-32% zandisa ukwanda kokhuseleko
- Phantse izikolo ezili-17% zaqala ukwenza uphenyo
- Izikolo ezimalunga ne-13% zandisa inani lababoneleli bezempilo yengqondo.
Iinguqu ezininzi zifuneka
Nangona kukho utshintsho, abaninzi abaqeqeshi bezempilo yengqondo babefuna utshintsho oluthile, ngokukodwa ngokumalunga neengcali zempilo yengqondo ezikhoyo ezikolweni, ukunikezelwa kweeklasi zabazali, kunye nokuhlanganisana kunye neenkqubo zokulungiswa kwemibambano. Kodwa inqobo enkulu yokwenza oku kutshintshwa, nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemali kunye nokufumaneka kwabantu ukubonelela ngeenkonzo.
Ukuthintela Ubundlobongela
Inethemba lokubona ukuba utshintsho oluninzi lwenziwe ezikolweni eziphakamileyo zaseburhulumenteni eColorado ngenxa yentlekele eColumbine ngo-Apreli 1999. Nangona utshintsho oluninzi lufunwa (kwaye mhlawumbi luyimfuneko), sinethemba lokuba olu tshintsho luya kwanele ukukhusela iintlekele ezizayo.
Ewe, aba baphandi baphando kuphela kwizikolo eziphakamileyo zaseburhulumenteni eColorado. Okungaphantsi kwaziwa malunga nokuba izikolo ezikwilizwe liye zaqalisa ukutshintsha okunjalo.
Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhusela ubundlobongela kulutsha alukho nje kwizikolo, kodwa kwaye uxanduva lwabazali nabafundi. Izinto ezinobungozi zobundlobongela kulutsha ziye zachongwa, njengembali yokuziphatha kakubi, imbali yesifo sengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, imbali yobundlobongela kwabantwana, ukuxhatshazwa kwabazali, ukuxhatshazwa, nokugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kubudlova kumajelo.
Unokufunda okungakumbi malunga nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kunye nezibonakaliso zokuqala ezivela kwi-American Psychological Association (APA), enika incwadana enolwazi ngezizathu zobundlobongela kulutsha, ukuqonda ukuba unobundlobongela kwabanye, nendlela yokulawula umngcipheko ngaphakathi kwakho abanye. ICandelo leZiko loLutsha loLwaphulo loLwaphulo loLutsha libonelela ngolwazi ngeempawu ezilumkiso zobundlobongela kulutsha.
Imithombo:
> Crepeau-Hobson, MF, Filaccio, M., & Gottfried, L. (2005). Uthintelo lobudlova emva koColumbine: Uphando lweengcali zempilo yengqondo ephakamileyo. Abantwana kunye nezikolo, 27 , 157-165.
> Bartels, L. (2002, ngo-Apreli 13). UColumbine 2002: Iklasi yokugqibela. News24.com - Izindaba Ezintsha .
> Verlinden, S., Hersen, M., & Thomas, J. (2000). Imiba yengozi ezikolweni. Ukuhlaziywa kweSiklinikhi yePhysical Psychology, 20 , 3-56.