I-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD) yintlupheko kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nescinezelo ezibangelwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi nokugcinwa kwezikhumbuzo ezibuhlungu. Ngenxa yendlela yokugcinwa kwezi zikhumbuzo, izigulane ezinePTSD zibonakalisa iimpawu ezifana neememori eziphindaphindiweyo malunga nomcimbi; iindlobongela ezibuhlungu; i-dissociative flashbacks; ukuguquka ; ukubandakanya ukuziphatha ngokumngcipheko; kunye nokuphendula okunyanyisayo.
Icandelo leBongo elichaphazelekayo yi-PTSD
Izakhiwo ezithile zeengqondo zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye iimpawu zePTSD. Ezi zakhiwo ziquka i-amygdala kunye ne-hippocampus (leyo yinxalenye yesimiso somlenze); iinxalenye eziliqela ze-correx ye-prefrontal (PFC); phakathi kwe-anterior cingulate cortex kunye ne-right gyrus yangaphambili. I-PTSD ibangela ukusetyenziswa kwe-hyper-activation kwezinye zezi zakhiwo ngelixa ezinye iinjongo zengqondo ziba ne-hypoactive.
Bobabini i-amygdala kunye ne-middle-anterior cingulate cortex ivuselelwe xa umntu ehlaselwa yi-PTSD. Nangona kunjalo, i-hippocampus, i-gyrus yangasese ephantsi, i-PFC, i-PFC, kunye ne-cortex ye-orbitofrontal yonke i-hypocrox, enye ibe yinto ekuthiwa yi-atrophy.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-amygdala ilawula imisebenzi ethile yokulinganisa; ukuvavanywa kwe-stimuli enxulumene nesisongelo (ngokoqobo kwimeko engqongileyo ithathwa njengengozi); ukubunjwa nokugcinwa kweemvakalelo ezingqondweni; ukwesaba; nokuhlanganiswa kwememori.
Umsebenzi ophambili we-middle-cingulate cortex (i-ACC) ukujonga ingxabano. I-ACC ikwadlala indima ekuqaphelisweni ngokomzwelo (ngokukodwa uvelwano); ukubhalisa intlungu, kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yokuzimela njengezinga lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
I-hippocampus inceda ukulawula iphunga, ukubhalwa kwendawo kunye nokukhumbula.
Ngokugqithiseleyo i-hippocampus inceda ukugcina izikhumbuzo zexesha elide, ngokuyinceda ekuncedeni ukuba yiyiphi imemori yesikhashana kwizinto eziba yimemori ende. Le nkqubo yokuguqula imemori yesikhashana kwimemori yesikhathi eside yinto ekubhekiswa kuyo njengokuhlanganiswa kwememori. Ukulimala kwi-hippocampus kunokukhupha i-cortisol engaphezulu (i-hormone yoxinzelelo).
I-gyrus yangasese engaphaya ibandakanyeka ekwenzeni ukucwangcisa umngcipheko mngcipheko. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba i-transcranial stimulation magnetic stimulation (TMS) yale ndawo yengqondo inganciphisa ukuziphatha komngcipheko.
I-PFC yokuxhaswa kukunceda ukunqanda ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye nokudlala indima ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zomntu kunye nezentlalo. Ikwadlala indima enkulu kwinqanaba elongezelelweyo lokuhlanganiswa kwememori, kunye nokulawula ukuphela - ukutyhafazeka nokugqitywa kokugqibela kwempendulo ehambelanayo.
I-PFC ye-dorsolateral ihlenga isinqumo kunye nokwenza umsebenzi. Imemori yokusebenza isebenza ngolwazi oludlulileyo ngaphambi kokuba lube yinxalenye yememori yexesha elide ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwememori.
I-corbit i-orbitofrontal, enye yezona nxalenye ezincinci eziqondayo zengqondo, kubonakala zibandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni kunye nokubonakaliswa kwemivuzo kunye / okanye izihlwayo kwimeko ethile.
Ikwahlengahlengisa imvakalelo kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
Ngokubanzi, i-correx ye-prefrontal idibanisene nemisebenzi eminingi yengqondo, kubandakanywa ukuhlanganiswa kwememori nokulawula ukulala kwe-wave-wave (ukungabikho kwe-REM, okubizwa ngokuba "ubuthongo obukhulu").
Umsebenzi we-cortex yonke ixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwiimeko ze-neurochemical environment.
Imisebenzi yeBrain kunye nePTSD Izimpawu
Xa uhlola imisebenzi yemimandla eyahlukeneyo yengqondo, ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kokutshintshwa kwala maqumrhu omsebenzi kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-PTSD zicaca ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-hippocampus ibandakanyeka "kwiinkqubo zememori ecacileyo kunye nokukhangela umxholo ngexesha loloyiko." Xa i-hippocampus ihluleka ukusebenza kakuhle, ichaphazela indlela umntu akhumbula ngayo kwaye ukhumbule iinkumbulo, ingakumbi imemori equlethe into eyoyikisayo-njengaleyo enxulumene nexinzelelo.
Ngokwempawu, oku kubonisa njengememori ephindaphindiweyo malunga nomcimbi; ezikhohlakeleyo iinkolelo; kunye ne-dissociative flashbacks. Utshintsho kwi-gyrus yangasese ephantsi ekuncedeni ukucacisa ukuba kutheni izigulane ze-PTSD zenzeke ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi ebungozi. Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo we-amygdala ubonisa njengempawu zokungathembeki kunye nokuphendula okuxubileyo.
Xa uhlolisisa kakuhle ubudlelwane phakathi komsebenzi wengqondo kunye ne-symptomatology, kuba lula ukuqonda iimpawu ezininzi ezintle zePTSD. Nangona ukuqonda ingqondo ngale ndlela akunako ukubonelela ngokukhululeka komntu ochaphazelekayo kwi-PTSD, kunokukunceda ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni iimpawu eziye zenzeka, kwaye ekuncediseni uluntu lwezonyango luyaqhubeka nokuphucula iindlela ezingenelelo.
> Imithombo:
> Fecteau S, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Ukuqaliswa kwe-Prefrontal Cortex ngeTransrralial Direct Extension stimulating Nciphisa Ukutya kwiNgcipheko ngexesha lokwenza isinqumo. Umbhalo we-Neuroscience 2007 Juni 6; 27 (23): 6212-8.
> Hayes JP1, Vanelzakker MB, Shin LM. Ukunyamekela nokuthathwa kwengqalelo kwi-PTSD: ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ze-neurocognitive and neuroimaging. Umda we-Integrated Neuroscience, ngo-2012 Oktobha 9; 6: 89.
> Mander BA, Rao V, et al. I-Prefrontal i-atrophy, iphazamise ama-NREM amaza atshisayo kunye nenkumbulo exhomekeke kwi-hippocampal ekukhuliseni. I-Nature Neuroscience, ngoMar 2013; 16 (3): 357-64.
> Shin, L., Rauch, S., noPimman, R. Amygdala, i-Medial Prefrontal Cortex, kunye ne-Hippocampal Umsebenzi kwi-PTSD. Iziganeko zeNew Academy of Science, ngo-2006 Julayi; 1071: 67-79.