I-Dyslexia yinto yokukhubazeka ethile yokufunda (i-LD) enokwenziwa kwintsholongwane. Ulwimi olusekelwe kulwimi kwaye lwenza ukufunda ukufunda, ukupela, ukuhlaziya, nokuqonda amagama anzima. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqonda ukuqonda, isilulumagama kunye nolwazi jikelele luyancitshiswa xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka elifanayo abangenayo i-dyslexia. Khumbula, i-dyslexia ayibonakali yengqondo.
Uninzi lwabantu abane-dyslexia luqhelekileyo okanye ngaphezu kobunzulu bulumko.
I-ADHD kwaye i-dyslexia iyaziwa ukuba ihlale ikhona kunye. UDkt. Russell Barkley uchaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Ukunyanzelisa i-ADHD: Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo sokuBazali," ukuba abantwana abane-ADHD banakho amathuba okuba bafunde ukukhubazeka kunabantwana abangenayo i-ADHD. I-LD eqhelekileyo yile dyslexia.
Ubunzima Ekuchazeni Uhluko Phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye neDyslexia
Kunokuba nzima ukuba ukwazi ukuba yimiphi imingeni ehambelana ne-ADHD okanye i-dyslexia. Nangona i-ADHD ibandakanya ukuqwalaselwa kwaye i-dyslexia ifuthe ukufunda, iimeko ziyafana nezifana. Nazi imimiselo emithathu.
Ukuphazamiseka: Bobabini abantwana abane-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia banokuphazamiseka; Nangona kunjalo, isizathu esiphezu kokuphazamiseka sihlukile. Umntwana one-ADHD unokubonakala ephazamisekile kuba kunzima ukuba banakekele ingqalelo, ngelixa umntwana onesifo se-dyslexia esenokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuba kufunwa kufuna umzamo omkhulu kwaye amandla abo anciphise.
Ukufunda kakuhle: Abafundi abanezifundo bayakwazi ukufunda ngokuchanekileyo, isivinini sesihambelane kwaye, xa ufunda ngokuvakalayo, wongeza amazwi. Ukuze baqonde oko bakufundileyo, umntwana kufuneka akwazi ukufunda ngokulula. Umntwana one-ADHD unokungabi ngumfundi ozifundela kakuhle ngenxa yokuba balahlekelwa indawo okanye aphephe ukuphela kweengqondo ngenxa yokuba ubuchopho babo buqilileyo buye baqhubela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
Omnye onesifo sokudyslexia angeke abe ngumfundi ozifundela kakuhle kuba bachitha ixesha elide belivakalisa igama ngalinye okanye bafunde amagama angalunganga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni isizathu, zombini zichaphazela ukukwazi komfundi ukuqonda oko bakufundayo. Kwakhona kuthetha ukuba ukufunda akuyinto enomdla kubo.
Ukubhala: Ukubhala nokubhala kungabangela ingxaki. Umntu onengxaki ye-ADHD unokuba neengxaki kunye nentlangano kunye nokuphonononga, ngelixa umntwana ene-dyslexia eneengxaki ngokupeliswa, ukusetyenziswa kwegrama, ukucwangcisa iingcamango, ukuphonononga ubungqina kunye nokubhala ngesandla. Indlela efanelekileyo yokwahlula iimeko ezi zimbini ukukhumbula ukuba iingxaki ze-dyslexia zenzeka kakhulu ngexesha lokufunda nokubhala imisebenzi, kanti iimpawu ze-ADHD zivela kwiimeko ezininzi kwaye ziziphatha ngendlela eninzi.
Iimeko Ezikhoyo
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia zazijongwa njengezimeleyo omnye komnye. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uDkt. Thomas E. Brown echaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi 'Ukuqonda ngokutsha kwe-ADHD kwi-Children and Adult,' uphando olutsha lubonise ukuba ukukhubazeka komsebenzi olawulayo kuhambelana ne-ADHD kudibaniswa ne-dyslexia.
I-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia ziimeko ezihlukeneyo; Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu unabo bobabini, kuthetha ukuba banemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokulawula imisebenzi (iingxaki egxininisayo, esebenzisa imemori yokusebenza, njl.), kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezakhono ezithile ezifunekayo ekufundeni, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweempawu ngokukhawuleza.
Abanye abantu bathi baneematriki ze-dyslexia. Eli akusilo lixesha elisemthethweni; Nangona kunjalo, kuba abantu abaninzi baye beva nge-dyscalculia (i-disorder disorder), besithi 'Ndiba nezibalo ze-dyslexia' yindlela elula yokuchaza imeko yabo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kunye neDyslexia
Le mibandela mibili ifunyaniswa ngokuhlukileyo kwaye kaninzi ngabaqeqeshi abahlukeneyo. I-ADH ithathwa njengengxaki yengqondo kwaye ifunyanwe nguthambo wezifo zengqondo, isazi sengqondo, i-neurologist kunye nabanye oogqirha beentsapho.
I-Dyslexia iyinkxuleko yemfundo kunokuba ingxaki yezokwelapha ngoko ingaqhelekanga ukuba ayifumaneki ngabaqeqeshi bezobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha udokotela wezilwanyana ophuhliso angakwazi ukuxilonga i-dyslexia ukuba baye baqeqeshwa ekuqondeni nasekufundeni.
Ngokuqhelekileyo isazi sengqondo sezonyango, isazi sengqondo sezkolo, isazi sengqondo sezemfundo kunye neuropsychologist bonke bafumanisa i-dyslexia.
Ekubeni i-dyslexia ayikho imeko yezokwelapha, ukuvavanya i-dyslexia ayidla ngo-inshurensi yonyango. Ubunzima be-dyslexia buhluka ukusuka kumnxeba ukuya kunzima, okwenyaniso kubantu abane-ADHD. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho bantu ababini abaya kuba neempawu ezifanayo.
Dyslexia Treatment
Kukho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufunda i-dyslexia. Zihlala zisekelwe okanye zibandakanya izinto ze-Orton-Gillingham. USamuel Orton kunye no-Anna Gillingham befunda kunye noovulindlela beelwimi. Ngee-1930s i-Gillingham yapapasha izixhobo zokufundisa ngokucacileyo ukunceda ngokufunda, ukubhala nokupela. Kususela ngoko ibe yindlela yokuphanda kakhulu ukuya kutsho.
Akuzona zonke iinkqubo zokufunda ezi luncedo kubafundi be-dyslexic. Khangela izinto ezibandakanya ukuqonda ulwazi lwegama, ukuchaneka kunye nezikhokelo ezicacileyo kwimigaqo yokupeliswa.
Isikolo somntwana wakho sinokuba nootitshala abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo abanokukunceda uncedo. Nangona kunjalo, akubona zonke izikolo ezenzayo, apho unokufumana umqeqeshi okhethekileyo ukuba asebenze nomntwana wakho emva kwesikolo.
Ukuhlala esikolweni kwi-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia kunceda kakhulu umntwana wakho ukuba akwazi ukufezekisa izifundo zabo.
IDyslexia kunye neDyslexia yophuhliso
I-Dyslexia kunye nophuhliso lweDyslexia ziimeko ezifanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umntu ethi dyslexia ba bhekisa kwi-dyslexia yophuhliso, imeko ezuze ilifa. Olunye uhlobo lwe-dyslexia lufumana i-dyslexia, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu waba dyslexic ngenxa yesifo sengqondo njengoko emva kokufumana ukulimala kwengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Oku kuya kwenzeka nge-ADHD. Uninzi lwabantu luzuze i-ADHD kwilungu lentsapho, kodwa inxalenye encinci yabemi ingafumana iimpawu ze-ADHD, mhlawumbi okanye ngexesha lokuphuhliswa, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingonakalisa ingqondo.
Ukuzithemba nokuzimela
Enye yemingeni emikhulu yabantwana abane-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia inokukwazi ukuziva kakuhle ngabo. Ngokusoloko, ukuzithemba kwabo kunye nokuzithemba kwabo kuncinci njengoko beyilwa nemisebenzi abahlobo babo nabantakwabo bafumana lula. Nazi izinto ezintathu onokuzenza ukuze uncede:
1) Ukuchonga: Xa abantwana bayazi ukuba banemeko enegama, njenge-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia, kubancedisa. Baqonda ukuba kutheni bafana nendlela abaye ngayo, kwaye ibenza bafune iinkcazelo zabo, eziqhelekileyo njengegama elithi 'Ndiyisithulu' kwaye 'Ndiyidenge.'
2) Umzamo, Akukho Miphumo: Nika impendulo yakho ngomntwana kwimzamo abayifake kwimisebenzi kunokuba iziphumo okanye amabakala abo. Umntwana one-dyslexia kunye ne-ADHD kufuneka asebenze nzima kunabanye abafundi, kodwa loo mzamo ayisoloko ibonakaliswe kumabakala abo. Ukwazi ukuba umgudu wabo uqondwa nguwe wenza umehluko omkhulu ekuzithebeni komntwana.
3) Umsebenzi ngaphandle kweSikolo: Xa umntwana wakho ubonisa umdla kumsebenzi ongaphandle kwesikolo, khuthaze. Ukuba ulungile kwinto ethile, ingaba ubugcisa bokulwa , umdlalo, ubugcisa okanye ubugcisa, kwakha ukuzithemba. Inempembelelo echaphazelayo kwezinye iindawo zobomi, kuquka imisebenzi ehlobene nezikolo.
Akukaze kuphele
Xa ufunda malunga ne-dyslexia, umyalezo oqhelekileyo uthi 'ukungenelela kwangoku kubalulekile.' Ukufumanisa kwangaphambili nayiphi na imeko yinto encedo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho une-dyslexia ngelixa sele ekhulile, ungaziva unetyala. Akukaze kube mva ukuvavanywa kwaye kufuna unyango olufanelekileyo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia, iimpawu ze-ADHD zikwazi ukugubungela izibonakaliso ze-dyslexia. Kwakhona, umntwana onengqiqo ufumana iindlela zokuhlawula kunye nokugubungela ubunzima babo, okwenza kube lula ukufumana.
Ukuba ufunda lo mntu mdala kwaye ucinga ukuba unokufumana i-dyslexia, usenokufumana uvavanyo lokuhlola i-dyslexia. Nangona awusekho esikolweni okanye kwiyunivesithi , ukuqonda ingcambu yemingeni yakho kukunceda ukuzithemba nokuzithemba.
Ngelixa elizayo
I-ADD okanye i-dyslexia ayinako ukuphiliswa. Nangona kunjalo, bobabini bangaphathwa kwaye baphathwe ukuze umntwana wakho aphile ubomi obuyimpumelelo. Abantwana kaninzi bafumana ithemba elikhulu nokuqinisekiswa xa beva ngabantu abadumileyo abajongene nemingeni efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, uSteven Spielberg une-dyslexia, u-Justin Timberlake une-ADHD, kunye noRichard Branson unama-ADHD kunye ne-dyslexia.
> Imithombo:
URussell A. Barkley, PhD. Ukunyanzelisa i-ADHD. Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo sokuQinisekisa kwabazali. I-Guilford Press 2013.
Brown, ET A Ukuqonda Okutsha kwe-ADHD kwi-Children kunye nabantu abadala: Iimpumelelo zeNtsebenzo. Routledge; 2013.