Ukuxinezeleka kuchaphazela abantu abavela kuzo zonke iindlela zokuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imvelaphi yabo. Inokuchaphazela abantu beminyaka yonke.
Ngelishwa, kusekhona i-stigma ejikeleza imiba yempilo yengqondo, kwaye abanye abantu babona ukukhathazeka okunjengokudakumba njengobuthathaka. Kodwa, ngendlela efanayo nabani na onokuphuhlisa imiba ethile yempilo yempilo, imiba yempilo yengqondo ayisoloko ikhuseleka.
Ukuqonda iinkcukacha zokudakumba kwangoku kunokunyusa ulwazi malunga nempilo yengqondo . Ukuqaphela indlela okusabalalisiweyo ngayo kunokukunceda nokunciphisa intshutshiso-enokukhuthaza abantu abaninzi ukuba bafune unyango.
Iimpawu ezinkulu ezixakekayo
I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders (DSM-V) ichaza isiqhelo esicinezelayo ubuncinane ubuncinane beveki okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumdla okanye ukuzonwabisa kumalunga nayo yonke imisebenzi, kunye neminye imiqondiso emithathu, njengale:
- Imiba yokulala malunga nentsuku zonke (nokuba kunzima ukulala okanye ukulala kakhulu)
- Utshintsho lwesondlo kunye nesisindo (utshintsho lwe-5% lweesisindo somzimba ngenyanga) okanye ukunciphisa okanye ukwanda kwondlo phantse yonke imihla
- Ukunciphisa amandla okanye ukukhathala phantse yonke imihla
- Ubunzima ukugxila, ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokucinga ngokucacileyo
- Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye ukulibala okubonakalayo kwabanye (ukunyakaza okunyanzelekayo okanye ukungahambi ngokungazenzisiyo okanye ukungenasiphelo)
- Iingcamango eziqhelekileyo zokufa okanye ukuzibulala , ukuzama ukuzibulala, okanye isicwangciso esithile sokuzibulala
Iimpawu zimele zenze ubandezelo obukhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kwintlalo yoluntu, emsebenzini, okanye kwimfundo.
Akukho nanye ibangela yokudakumba, ngokutsho kophando. Ingaba ngumphumo wobomi bezobuchopho, amahomoni, kunye ne-genetics, kunye namava okuphila kunye nempilo yomzimba.
Ukwanda koxinzelelo
Nangona ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kukugula kakhulu kwengqondo e-US, ukudandatheka akusekho emva. Nazi izibalo zokudandatheka kwangoku:
- Abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 emhlabeni jikelele banenkxalabo, ngokutsho kweNational Health Organization
- Abantu abayizigidi ezili-16.2 e-United States-abalingana nama-6.7 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantu beli lizwe-baye bafumana isiqhelo esicinezelayo kunyaka owedlule
- Abantu abayizigidi ezili-10.3 base-US bafumana isiqhelo esibangele ukungonakali kolukhulu kunyaka owedlule
- Phantse ama-50 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantu abaxilongwa ukuba bacinezelekile bafumanisa ukuba baneengxaki zokuxhalabisa
- Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-15 ekhulwini labantu abadala baya kuhlangabezana nokudandatheka ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.
Ukuxinezeleka kwexesha
Ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunye nephethini yonyaka (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi- disorder disorder disorder ) ngumzekelo weengqungquthela eziphazamisayo ezenzeka ngokuhambelana neenguqu zonyaka. Okuqhelekileyo, ifunyaniswa ebusika kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo. Iprojekthi yexesha lexesha lehlobo lexesha lexesha lisoloko lifunyaniswa.
Nazi iifomanani zakutshanje zokuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunye neepateni zonyaka:
- Ama-5 ekhulwini amava ase-United States ekudakaleni kwexesha kunyaka ngamnye.
- Abantu abane kwabangamashumi amahlanu abanenkxalabo yonyaka bafazi.
- Umyinge weminyaka yobudala iphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-30 ubudala
Izibalo zokuPhukisa kwePostpartum
Kuqhelekile ukuba abafazi bafumane uxinzelelo, ukudabuka, ukuzimelela, kunye nokuphelelwa amandla emva kokubeleka. Kodwa abanye abafazi banokudakumba kwe-postpartum eyenza kube nzima kubo ukuba banakekele ngokwabo okanye abantwana babo emva kokubeleka. Nazi izibalo malunga nokudakumba kokuphumayo:
- Omnye wabasetyhini abasixhenxe baziva bexinezelekile emva kokubeleka.
- Isiqingatha sabo bonke abasetyhini abanokufumanisa ukuxinezeleka kwangemva kokuphumayo akuzange kube naso isiqhelo sokudandatheka ngaphambili.
- Phantse isiqingatha sawo onke amabhinqa ekugqibeleni afunyaniswe ukuba unexinzelelo lokuphuma kwengcinezelo yaqala ukufumana iimpawu ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Amanani Abantu Abantu abanexinzelelo
Ukuxinezeleka kunokuqalisa nanini na ubudala kwaye kunokuchaphazela abantu bazo zonke iintlanga kunye nakwiimimiselo zentlalo. Nazi ezinye zeenkcukacha kwiibalo zabantu abaxinezelekileyo:
- Ixesha eliphakathi loxinzelelo luya ku-32.5 ubudala.
- Ukwanda kwabantu abadala abanexeshana elidangalisa kakhulu liphakathi kwabantu abaphakathi kwe-18 no-25.
- Amaphesenti ama-10,5 abantu abadala ababika iingcambu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu baye bafumana isiganeko esikhulu sokudabuka kunyaka owedlule
- Ama-8.5 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini abanexinzelelo
- I-4.8 pesenti yamadoda inexinzelelo
Ukuzibulala nokuziThathisa
Ukudandatheka okungeyiyo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuzibulala. Nazi izibalo zakutsha zokuzibulala:
- Ukuzibulala yiyona yeshumi ebangela ukufa eUnited States.
- Yona yeyona nkalo yesi-2 ehamba phambili yokufa phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-15-24.
- Abantu abangama-44,000 baseMerika bafa ngokuzibulala unyaka ngamnye
- Amaphesenti angama-40 abo bonke abantu abaye bazibulala bazibandakanya ubuncinane omnye umzamo wangaphambili.
- Abantu abaneengxaki zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi izihlandlo ezithandathu zokuba bazibulale ngaphezu kwabantu abangenayo ingxaki yeziyobisi okanye iziyobisi.
- Abantu abalishumi kwabasi-10 ababhekiselele ukuzibulala banikezela iimpawu zeenjongo zabo.
- Amaqhinga azama ukuzibulala kabini ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengamadoda.
- Abesilisa banamathuba amane okufa ngokuzibulala.
- Iibhulophu i-akhawunti ye-51 pesenti yazo zonke ukufa kwabantu abazibulala
- Abantu abangama-494,169 bavakashela izibhedlele e-United States ngenxa yokuzilimaza ngo-2016
Unyango loxinzelelo
Uxinzelelo luya kunyangwa kakhulu. Kodwa, malunga nesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu baseMerika abanokufumanisa ukuba bacinezelekile kunyaka onikwe unyango. Abo bafuna unyango balinde inyanga okanye iminyaka ukufumana uncedo.
Abantu abaninzi abanexinzelelo abafuna unyango baphathwa unyango. Izifundo zibonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukudibanisa unyango lwentetho kunye namayeza angaphumelela kakhulu ekuphatheni ukuxinezeleka.
Nazi iinombolo zamvanje zonyango lokudandatheka :
- Abantu abayi-1 kuphela kwabangama-5 bafumana unyango oluhambelana nezikhokelo zokusebenza ngoku.
- Iipesenti ezi-6 zabantu abanexinzelelo baphathwa ngamachiza kuphela.
- Amaphesenti angama-37 abantu abadala abanexinzelelo abanakufumana unyango nonke.
Ukuxinezeleka kwaBantwana kunye ne-Adolescents
Ukuxinezeleka kunokuqala ngexesha lobuntwaneni okanye kwiminyaka yobutsha. Ngokufana neyantlupheko yamazinga kubantu abadala, amantombazana anokufumana uxinzelelo kunamakhwenkwe. Kukho ukwanda okrakra ekudakaleni kwiintombazana emva kokutshatyalaliswa.
Nangona kukho ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yabantwana, ngokwe-2016 yase-American Academy ye-Pediatrics study, akuzange kubekho ukwanda okwenziweyo kunyango lwabaselula.
I-American Academy ye-Pediatrics ngoku ikhuthaza ukunyanzelwa kwengxaki rhoqo kubo bonke abaselula abaneminyaka engama-11 no-21 ubudala, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokudandatheka zidlalwa ngabantu abadala njengabazali, ootitshala kunye noogqirha.
Nazi izibalo zentsholongwane ezidlulileyo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo:
- Izigidi ezi-3.1 abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eli-12 no-17 baye bafumana ubuncinci bodwa ubunzima bokuqala bexinzelelo kunyaka owedlule eMelika
- Amaphesenti a-2 ukuya kwe-3 yabantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 ukuya kwe-12 abanokudandatheka okukhulu
- I-19.4 ekhulwini yabantombazana abaselula baye bafumana isiqhelo esikhulu sokudandatheka
- Iipesenti ezingama-6.4 zamakhwenkwe ezishumi elivisayo ziye zahlangabezana nexesha elidityanisayo
- Iipesenti ezingama-70 zabantwana abaselula abaye bafumana isiganeko esikhulu sokudakalisa kunyaka odlulileyo, bafumana ukuphazamiseka okukhulu
- Iipesenti ezingama-60 zabantwana kunye nabaselula kunye nokudandatheka akufumani naluphi na uhlobo lwonyango
- Iipesenti ezingama-19 zabantwana abanenkxalabo babone uphando lwezempilo unyango
- Iipesenti ezi-2 zabantwana abanexinzelelo baphathwe ngamachiza kuphela
Impembelelo yoQoqosho
Ukuxinezeleka kuthatha uhlawulo lwezoqoqosho kubantu, iintsapho, imibutho kunye noluntu ngokupheleleyo. Ingakhokelela ekufundeni kwezemfundo ezincitshiswayo, ukufumana umgangatho ophantsi, kunye namazinga aphezulu okungaqeshwa:
- Ukudandatheka kukubangela ukukhubazeka emhlabeni jikelele.
- Umthwalo wezoqoqosho wexabiso loxinzelelo uqikelelwe ukuba yi-$ 210.5 billion ngonyaka.
- Ama-48 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini weendleko zezoqoqosho zithathwa ngokungabikho emsebenzini kunye nokunciphisa umkhiqizo obangelwa ukudakumba
- Amaphesenti angama-45 ukuya kuma-47 eendleko zibangelwa iindleko zonyango, ezifana nesipilisi kunye nophatho lwezonyango okanye iindleko zamachiza.
ILizwi
Ukuba uyakrokrela ukuba unexinzelelo, xela umboneleli wakho wezempilo. Udokotela angakwazi ukuvavanya iimpawu zakho kwaye angakunika ukuthunyelwa kwingcali xa kuyimfuneko. Unokuqhagamshelana neengcali zempilo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza ukuxoxa ngeendlela zokwenza unyango.
Ukuba uyakrokrela umntu owaziyo unenkxwaleko, khawula iindleko zakho. Umntu unokufuna ukufumana unyango xa uzisa isihloko. Yaye unyango lungasindisa ubomi bomntu.
> Imithombo
> Umbutho wase-American Psychological Association: Yintoni ukuxinezeleka kwe-Postpartum kunye nokuxhalabisa?
> Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo: Ukulinganiswa kwezeMpilo kwihlabathi jikelele . I-Geneva: Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi; 2017.
> Impilo Yengqondo YaseMelika: 2017 Iimeko Zempilo Yengqondo eMelika - Inkcazo Inkcazo Yedatha Yedata.
> Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Han B. iNational Trends in the Prevalence and Treatment of Depress in Adolescents and Young Adult. Pediatrics . 2016; 138 (6).
> Iziko leSizwe lezeMpilo yengqondo: Uxinzelelo olukhulu.