I-DSM-5 ihluke njani kwi-DSM-IV?
Incwadi yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities Disabilities iyincwadi enika izikhokelo zeekliniki ekufumaneni izifo zengqondo. Isifo ngasinye sengqondo sigaba kwaye sinikwa imigaqo ecacileyo ekufuneka idibeneyo ukuze i-diagnostic yenziwe.
Uhlobo olutsha, olubizwa ngokuba yi- DSM-5 , lwakhululwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika ngoMeyi 18, 2013, kwintlanganiso yayo yonyaka eSan Francisco.
Kwathatha indawo ye- DSM-IV , eyayisetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1994.
Njengoko kunjalo nangomxholo ngamnye omtsha we- DSM , kukho utshintsho olwenziwe kwiinkqubo zokuxilongwa kwezifo ezithile, kubandakanya ukuxilongwa koxinzelelo. Ezinye iziphazamiso nazo zisuswe ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye iingxaki ezintsha zongezwe.
Ziziphi iiNtsholongwane ezintsha zeMeko eziye zafakwa?
Enye indawo enkulu yenguqu kwi- DSM-5 yongezwa kwezifo ezimbini zokudakumba ezintsha; ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa yokuphazamiseka kwemizimba kunye neengxaki zesifo esiyingozi
Ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yindlela yokuxilonga egcinwe kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 ne-18 ubudala abonisa ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kunye neziganeko eziqhelekileyo zokuziphatha okungaphaya kokulawula. Ukuxilongwa okutsha kwongezwa ekujonganeni neengxaki ezibangelwa yi- bipolar disorder kubantwana .
I-Premenstrual dissystric disorder (PMDD), eyayivela kwisiHlomelo B se- DSM-IV ngaphantsi kweStree Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study. Kwi- DSM-5, i- PMDD ibonakala kwicandelo lokuphazamiseka kwengxaki.
I-PMDD yindlela ekhuselekileyo ye-premenstrual syndrome (PMS), ebonakaliswa yimpawu ezinengqondo ezinjengexinzelelo, ukuxhalaba, ukunyameka, kunye nokucasula.
I-Dysthymia Yasuswa
Enye yenguqu yenguqu yindlela iindlela ezingapheliyo zokudandatheka ezithandwayo kwaye zahluke kwiintlungu zokudandatheka.
Oko bekuye kwabizwa ngokuba yi- dysthymia- okanye i-dysthymic disorder-ngoku idibene phantsi kwe-sambuli yesifo esiqhubekayo sokudandatheka (PDD).
Ingxaki yokuhlala ecinezelekileyo iquka nokudakumba okukhulu okungapheliyo. Oku kwongezwa kuba abaphandi babengafumani uhluko okhoyo ngokwaneleyo phakathi kwe-dysthymia kunye nokudakumba okukhulu okungapheliyo.
Inkxalabo enkulu yoxinzelelo ihlala phantsi ngokufanayo
Akukho tshintsho olukhulu olwenziweyo kwiinkqubo zokuxilonga kwi- disorder disorder . Iimpawu eziphambili, kunye nemfuneko yokuba iimpawu zibe zithuba zingaphi iiveki ezimbini, zihlala zifana.
Ukukhutshwa koKhuselo kubanjwe
I- DSM-5 isusile into eyayibizwa ngokuba yintsilelo yokufelwa ngaphandle kweengqungquthela ezinkulu zoxinzelelo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, naziphi na iziganeko ezidandathelanayo emva kokufa komntu othandekayo owadlulayo ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini azizange zibekwe njengexesha elidityanisayo.
Ngokushiya oku kubandakanywa, ukukhutshwa kwenkqubo entsha ye- DSM iyavuma ukuba ayikho isizathu esenzululwazi sokuphatha inkqubo yosizi ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuyo nayiphi na enye ingcinezelo engabangela isiqhelo esixinezelekileyo.
Ukongezelela, iyavuma ukuba iimpawu zokufelwa zihlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga ezimbini.
Enyanisweni, ukulahlekelwa ngumthandayo kunokukhokelela kwimpawu ezixinezelekileyo ezidlulayo iminyaka.
Esikhundleni sokungabikho kokushiywa, ukushicilelwa okutsha kubandakanya inkcazo ecacileyo yokuncedisa iiklinikhi ukuba zihlukanise phakathi kwesifo esiqhelekileyo kunye nesiganeko esibuhlungu ukuze bakwazi ukwenza isigqibo esincinci malunga nokuba umntu othile unokufumana unyango.
Xa isiqhelo esikhulu sokudandatheka sibangelwa kukufelwa, sinokuphendula kwonyango efanayo kunye nezinye iziqephu zokudakumba. Unyango kunye / okanye amayeza angaphumelela ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
Amacandelo amasha okudandatheka ayongeziweyo
I- DSM-5 idibanise abathile abatsha ngokucacisa ukucacisa ukuxilongwa:
- Iimpawu ezixubileyo - Lo mcacisi omtsha unokuba neengxaki ze-bipolar kunye nokudandatheka. Ivumela ubukho beempawu zengqondo njengengxenye yokudandatheka ukuxilongwa kwizigulane ezingenakuhlangabezana neendlela ezipheleleyo zesiganeko somntu .
- Ngokuxhalabisa Okuxhalabileyo - Le nkcazo yongezwa ngenxa yokuba ubukho bokuba nexhala lungafaka impembelelo, ukhetho lwezokwelapha, kunye nesigulane siphenduli kubo.
Ukongezelela, ukhokelo lunikezelwa kwiikliniki ekuhloleni ukucinga, ukuzicwangcisa, kunye nemingcipheko yokuzibulala, ukuze bakwazi ukucacisa indlela ekuvelele ngayo inxaxheba ekuzikhuseleni ukuzibulala ekujongeni unyango lomntu ngamnye.
> Imithombo:
> Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo: i-DSM-5 . IWashington: Ukushicilelwa kweeNgqondo zeMerika; 2014.
> "Eziphambili zeenguqu ezivela kwi-DSM-IV-TR ukuya kwi-DSM-5". Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika . Meyi 17, 2013.