Ziziphi iiNyathelo zokuHlola ukuxinezeleka?
Ugqirha wakho uya kuqaphela xa efumanisa ukuxinezeleka okanye nayiphina ingxaki yengqondo. Kukho amanyathelo athile okumele alandele kwaye angenakuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo malunga nokuxilongwa kokuqala. Kwezinye iimeko, unakho ukuba ube "uphondo" okanye "ulwahlulo" ukuxilongwa de ukufumana ulwazi olungakumbi.
Kuthetha ukuthini oko kwaye yintoni inkqubo efanelekileyo yokuxilongwa?
Le yimibuzo esiya kuyiphendula ukuze ukwazi ukuyiqonda ngokupheleleyo inkqubo. Ingundoqo kukuba ube nomonde kwaye uthembeke kuba oku kuya kumnceda ukuba enze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo .
Uxilongo olusesikweni?
Ukuxilongwa kwesikhashana kuthetha ukuba ugqirha wakho awukho ipesenti eziyi-100 eziqinisekisiweyo zokuxilongwa ngenxa yokuba ufuna ulwazi oluninzi. Okubalulekileyo, ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso enayo, wenza ukuqiqa okufundayo malunga nokuxilongwa .
Ngaphantsi kohlobo olutsha lwe- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM-5) , ukuxilongwa kwesikhashana kuboniswa ngokubeka umcacisi "okwethutyana" kubazali-magama ngokubhekiselele kwigama lokuxilongwa. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuthetha into efana ne- 309.81 ye-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (okwesikhashana) .
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa luye lwahlanganiswa kwaye isifo sokuxilongwa senziwa okokugqibela, lo mbhalo ususwe.
Uphi Uxilongo Oluhlukile?
Ukuxilongwa ngokungafaniyo kuthetha ukuba kukho enye inokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ukuxilongwa.
Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ahlule phakathi kwezi zinto ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa. Kuphela emva kokuba oko kwenziwayo unokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuphatha ngayo.
Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho mvavanyo yeebhabhi ukufumanisa ukudakumba. Kunoko, ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zakho. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukulawula ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela ukuba kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokubonakala ngathi zixinzelelo phezu komhlaba.
Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Michael B. Okokuqala, uNjingalwazi we-Clinical Psychiatry e-Columbia University kunye nombhali we- DSM-5 Handbook ye-Diagnosis Diagnosis , okwenza ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kokuxinezeleka kubandakanya amanyathelo ayisithandathu.
Inyathelo 1: Ulawulo lweMalingering kunye ne-Factory Disorder
NgokwekuQala, isinyathelo sokuqala sogqirha kufuneka sibe ngumzamo wokugqiba ukuba ngaba isigulane sisenza impawu zakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho izizathu ezibini zezi zinto: ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka.
- Ukunyameka xa umntu evakalelwa kukuba unokufumana okuthile kwi-diagnostic ethile. Umzekelo, unokufuna ukunqanda uxanduva oluthile.
- Ingxaki eyenzayo iyasetyenziswa xa umntu efumana inzuzo yengqondo ngokuthatha inxaxheba yomntu ogulayo.
Inyathelo 2: Umgaqo-ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinxulumene neziyobisi
Ezinye iziyobisi- ezisemthethweni nezingekho mthethweni-zingabangela iimpawu ezifanayo njengengcinezelo. Nangona kulula ukuba ukwazi ukuba umntu uthatha imimiselo, kunokufuneka ukuba ugqirha enze uphando oluthile xa kuziwa kwiziyobisi zokusetyenziswa gadalala.
Oogqirha banokufumana izikhokelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, Okokuqala uthi, ngokuxoxisana nesigulane. Ngamanye amaxesha, intsapho ixoxwa nabo. Bangakwazi ukujonga iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa kwaye benze iimvavanyo zegazi okanye umchamo ukuba zikhusele ukufumaneka kweziyobisi.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Ulawulo lweMiqathango yeZizwe eziPhezulu
Kukho imeko ezahlukahlukeneyo apho udandatheko luphawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ezi zinto ngenxa yokuba kunokufuna unyango ngaphaya kwe-psychotherapy okanye ukuxhatshazwa kancinci ukususa okanye ukunciphisa izizathu ezibangela uxinzelelo.
Ukwenza oku, ugqirha uya kubuza malunga neemeko ezifunyenwe ngaphambili. Bakhathalele ngokukhethekileyo kwezo zinto ezinokuthi ziqalise ngexesha elifanayo nokuxinezeleka. Iimvavanyo zebhanki zinokuyalelwa ukuba zikhusele iimeko ezihambelana neziganeko zokudakumba.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Misela iSifo esiPhambili
Emva kokuba ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela zipheliswe, kuyimfuneko ukuhlula ukuba yintoni isifo esithile sengqondo esisigulane.
Iintsholongwane kufuneka zihlukanise ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka ezivela kwiintlungu ezinxulumene nemizwelo kunye nezinye izifo ezihlala zihlala zixineke. Oku kwenziwa ngokulandela imigaqo ebekwe kwi-DSM-5.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Ukwahlukahlukana kwezilungiso zokulungiswa Kweminye imida
Kukho amaxesha apho iimpawu zomntu ziphawuleka kodwa ngaphantsi kombundu ukwenza enye ixilongwe.
Kule nto, Okokuqala kuphakamisa ukuba ugqirha ujonga ukuxilongwa kwe- Adjustment Disorder . Le yimeko apho iimpawu zi-maladaptive-kungeyona into-ekuphenduleni umxhasi wengqondo.
Ukuba olu hlobo alufanelekanga, banokuqwalasela ukubeka ukuxilongwa kwi-"Other" okanye "Izintlu ezingachazwanga".
- "Elinye" lisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba umntu unesigqeba sempawu ezingabikho njengoluhlu olucacile lokuxilongwa oluchazwe kwi-DSM-5.
- "Ukungachazwanga" isetyenziswe ukubonisa ukuba iimpawu zomntu azihambelani kakuhle kwiqela elikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngolwazi oluthe vetshe, ukuxilongwa kungenzeka.
Inyathelo 6: Ukuseka umda ongenazo izifo zengqondo
Ekugqibeleni, ugqirha kufuneka enze umyalelo wokugweba. Kudinga ukugqiba ukuba ngaba isigulane sibhekene nokuphazamiseka okubonakalayo okanye ukukhathazeka ebomini bakhe bemihla ngemihla eza kuba yimpikiswano yengqondo.
Ukongezelela, kufuneka ahlukanise ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwintlungu . Nangona intlungwini ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kunye nokucinezeleka, kungenjalo akufanelekile ukuba ibe yintlupheko yengqondo.
Imithombo:
Bentham, uWayne. Ukusebenzisa i-DSM-5 kwi-Diagnosis Diagnosis of Depression. Iinjongo zeZiko leYunivesithi yaseWashington i-Psychiatry neSayensi yokuziphatha. Yunivesithi yaseWashington. 2013.
> Kuqala MB. I-DSM-5 Handbook ye-Differential Diagnosis. 1st ed. Arlington, VA: I-American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2013.
Tesar, uGeorge E. Ukuqaphela nokunyangwa koxinzelelo. Isiko leKliniki yaseCleveland yeMfundo eqhubekayo. I-Cleveland Clinic Foundation. 2010.