Iintswelo eziselayo zifumana ingxaki
Ukusela ngokutsha kukukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuziphatha kunye nemiba yokulawula ukuziphatha. Abantwana abaneminyaka engama-12 ukuya kwe-17 abasebenzisa utywala banokuthi bangabika imiba yokuziphatha, ngokubhekiselele kwiNkunkuma yokuSebenzisa iMpilo kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo (iSAMHSA). Ngokukodwa ukuziphatha okugwenxa, ukugqithisa, okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Kukho ubudlelwane obuqilileyo, ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yokuziphendulela kwentsha, phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neengxaki zengqondo nokuziphatha, kuquka:
- Ukulwa
- Ukuba
- Ukuqhuba ngokuphantsi kotywala kunye / okanye iziyobisi
- Ukuhamba esikolweni
- Ndiziva ndixinezelekile
Ukusela Abaselula kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi
Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa utywala abancinci, kungakhathaliseki ukuba banzima, batywala, okanye batywala, baxelele ukuba banokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. I-SAMHSA ibika iingxube ezidakayo zamanje ziphindwe ngamaxesha angaphezu kwezi-16 kunezidakwa ukuba zisebenzise iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwinyanga edlulileyo. Abaphuzi bokukhanya babezihlandlo ezisibhozo ngaphezulu ukuba basebenzise iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kwinyanga edluleyo kunokuba bangabinwabisi abaselula.
Ukusela njengemali yoNcedo
Abazali kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunokunokuba ngumqondiso wesilumkiso okanye ukukhala kuncedo oluthile olungalunganga kumntwana. "Ukuba ngabazali, abacebisi, ootitshala kunye nabanye abadala abanenkathalo bafikelela kubantwana ngokukhawuleza, banokungenelela phambi kokuziphatha okuphazamisayo kubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengqondo, kuquka:
- Ukuhluleka kwesikolo
- Ukungavumelani kwentsapho
- Ubudlova
- Ukuzibulala
Izibalo ezikhathazayo malunga noLwaphulo loLutsha, uVimba kunye nokuzibulala
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha ezixhalabileyo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho, ubundlobongela nokuzibulala ngokusekelwe kwingxelo yokuzibika ezivela kubaselula abathi babebaphuza kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nabaselula abangabaphuli la bafana babe:
Izihlandlo ezine zingaphaya ukuphanga into ngaphandle kwekhaya
Izihlandlo ezithathu zikwazi ukubika ngamabomu ukulimaza okanye ukuzibulala
Izihlandlo ezithathu zingaphaya ukuvakalisa ukufumana ukulwa
Izihlandlo ezithathu ziyakwazi ukuxela ekutshatyalaliswa kwepropati yabanye
Amathuba amane okwenzeka ukuba axelele ukuba afunyenwe emva kwevili ngokuchaphazela iziyobisi
Izihlandlo ezinhlanu zibalekela ekhaya
Izihlandlo ezinhlanu zingaphaya ukuba zithi ziqhutywe ngaphantsi kwefuthe lotywala kunyaka owedlule
Izihlandlo ezithandathu ziyakwazi ukubika ukusila esikolweni
Kungaphezulu kwamaxesha asixhenxe ukuba abanjwe kwaye atyala ngokuphula umthetho
Ukwahlukana phakathi koKhanya, ukuTywala nokuNxila
Ukusela ngokutsha kuchazwe ngokwemiba engeyomntu onxilisayo, ukukhanya, ukuxilisa kunye nabanxilisayo. I-SAMSHA ichaza abaphulaphuli abanxilisayo njengabo badla iziselo ezihlanu okanye ngaphezulu kwisithuba ngasinye ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezedlulileyo; Abanxilayo basebenzisa iziphuzo ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu kwixesha elilodwa, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezine kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezedlulileyo; Abaphuzi bokukhawuleza badla ubuncinane, kodwa zingaphantsi kweesisihlanu ziselo kwiyiphi na imeko kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ezedlulileyo; kunye nabangasayi basebenzisanga abazange baphuze utshwala kwiintsuku ezingama-30 zangaphambili.
Ukunyamekela kokuNwa kwamanzi
Kwakukho ukunciphisa ukukhuza ukuphuza kakhulu nokusela ngokutywala kunye nabaselula abasuka ku-2002 ukuya ku-2014. Kodwa kwakukho abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 abaziziselayo kunye nabagadi bezantywala ezili-1,3 kule ndawo. Abantu abangaphantsi kwe-1 kwabangama-5 basebenzise isiselo kwinyanga edlulileyo.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuphuza i-Underage. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. https://www.samhsa.gov/underage-drinking-topic.