Ukuba nolwalamano oluhle nolwalamano kubalulekile kubo bonke abantwana. Ngelishwa, abantwana abaninzi abanengxaki yokukhathazeka kwengxaki (ADHD) banokwenza nzima kwaye bagcina abahlobo baze bamkelwe kwiqela elincinane. Ukunyanzeliswa, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nokungafanelekanga okuhambelana ne-ADHD kunokuyingozi ukuzama ukuxhuma nabanye ngeendlela ezilungileyo.
Funda ngokubanzi malunga neendlela ezinxulumene neengxaki ze-ADHD ezinokuchaphazela ulwamkelo loluntu .
Ukungamkelwa yiqela lontanga, ukuziva udelelekile, uhluke, uhlukile kwaye uyedwa - oku mhlawumbi unobangela obubuhlungu kakhulu bokungaphazamiseki okuhlobene ne-ADHD kwaye la mava anempembelelo engapheliyo. Ukunxibelelana okulungileyo nabanye kubaluleke kakhulu. Nangona abantwana abane-ADHD banqwenela ukwenza abahlobo baze bathandwa yiqela, bahlala bengazi ukuba njani. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba unokunceda umntwana wakho ukuphucula ezo zakhono kwezentlalo kunye nobuchule.
Ukwandisa Ukwaziswa Kwentlalo Yentlalo
Uphando lufumanisa ukuba abantwana abane-ADHD banamathelisi ahluphekileyo kakhulu kwiindawo zabo zokuziphatha. Ngokuqhelekileyo abanakho ukuqonda okucacileyo okanye ukuqonda malunga neemeko zentlalo kunye nokuphendula kwabo abavusa abanye. Bangavakalelwa kukuba ukusebenzisana nentanga kuhamba kakuhle, umzekelo, xa kwakucacile.
Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-ADHD zingabangela ubuthathaka kulo mbono ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo okanye "ukufunda" imeko yentlalo, ukuzihlolisisa, ukuzijonga, kunye nokulungiswa njengoko kuyimfuneko. Ezi zakhono mazifundiswe ngqo kumntwana wakho.
Fundisa izakhono ngokuthe ngqo kwaye usebenzise, usebenzise, usebenzise
Abantwana abane-ADHD banomdla wokufunda kumava adlulileyo.
Bahlala besabela ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo. Enye indlela yokunceda le ntwana kukubonelela ngokukhawuleza nangempendulo malunga nokuziphatha okungafanelekanga okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwezentlalo. Ukudlala indima kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ukufundisa, imodeli, nokusebenzisa izakhono zentlalo ezintle, kunye neendlela zokuphendula kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokuhlekisa.
Gxininisa kwindawo enye okanye ezimbini ezinzima kakhulu kumntwana wakho, ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yokufunda ayigxininise kakhulu kwaye ukuze umntwana wakho abe nempumelelo. Qhubeka ukhumbule ukuba abantwana abaninzi abane-ADHD banenkinga ngezinto ezisiseko, njengokuqala nokugcina intetho okanye ukusebenzisana nomnye umntu ngendlela ehamba ngokulandelana (umzekelo, ukuphulaphula, ukubuza malunga neminye imibono okanye iimvakalelo zabantwana, ujikelele kwingxoxo, okanye ubonise umdla kumnye umntwana), uxoxisana kunye nokuxazulula iingxabano njengoko ziphakama, ukwabelana, ukugcina indawo yendawo, kunye nokuthetha ngezwi eliqhelekileyo lelizwi elingenalo kakhulu.
Ngokucacileyo, qaphela kwaye unike inkcazelo kumntwana malunga nemithetho yoluntu kunye neendlela oziphathe ngayo. Ziqhelise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ezo zakhono. Uhlobo lweendlela zokuziphatha kakuhle kunye nemivuzo esheshayo.
Yenza Amathuba Ophuhliso Lobuhlobo
Kubantwana besikolo esikolweni besikolo esikolweni, abantwana bexesha lokudlala banikeza ithuba elihle kubazali ukuba baqeqeshane kwaye baxubushe ukusebenzisana koontanga kumntwana wabo kunye nomntwana ukuzisebenzisa ezi zakhono ezintsha. Yenza le mizuzu yokudlala phakathi komntwana wakho kunye nomhlobo omnye okanye ababini ngexesha - kunokuba iqela labahlobo. Ulwakhiwo ixesha lokudlala ukuze umntwana wakho abe yimpumelelo kakhulu. Cingisisa malunga nobude bexesha lomdlalo wokudlala uza kuqhutywa kunye nemisebenzi eya kugcina umntwana wakho unomdla. Cinga ngokwakho njengomqeqeshi womhlobo wakho. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuba ngumqeqeshi womhlobo kumntwana wakho .
Njengoko umntwana ekhula, ubudlelwane boontanga kunye nobuhlobo bahlala bebunzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqhubeke nokubandakanyeka kwaye uququzelele ukusebenzisana koontanga. Isikolo esiphakathi kunye neminyaka ephakamileyo yesikolo sinokunyanzela umntwana olwa noluntu. Nangona umntwana engasamkelikanga iqela labanontanga ngokubanzi, nokuba nomngane omnye mhle kule minyaka unokuthi akhusele umntwana kwimiphumo emibi yecandelo leontanga.
Uphando kunye nokubandakanyeka kumaqela asekuhlaleni kwakho okukhuthaza ulwalamano oluhle kunye noluntu nophuhliso lwezentlalo - Abakwa-Boy Scouts, ama-Indian Guides, ii-Girl Scouts, Amantombazana asebenzayo, amaqela ezemidlalo, njl. Qinisekisa ukuba iinkokheli zeqela okanye abaqeqeshi baqhelana ne-ADHD kwaye unokudala indawo efanelekileyo yokuxhasa ukufunda izakhono zobuchule.
Xoxa kunye nesikolo, abaqeqeshi kunye nabazali bendawo, ukuze ukwazi ukuba kwenzekani nomntwana wakho kunye nomntwana wakho ochitha ixesha. Iqela leontanga lomntwana kunye neempawu zeli qela zinempembelelo enamandla kubantu ngabanye kwiqela. Umntwana ophakathi okanye ophakamileyo wesikolo oye wafumana ukuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokuchaswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ufuna nje "ukuba ngumntu" kwindawo ethile ehlala esengozini yokuhamba kwinqanaba leontanga eliya kwamkela-nangona xa iqela liyimpembelelo embi.
Sebenza NgeSikolo Sokuphuculisa Imeko Yontanga
Xa umntwana echazwe liqela lakhe lentsapho ngendlela engafanelekanga ngenxa yokuphulukana kwezakhono zentlalo, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukukhupha le nkcukacha. Enyanisweni, ukuba nedumela elibi mhlawumbi yenye yezona zinto zikhuselekileyo kunokuthi unqobe uluntu. Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba isimo sengontanga esontle yabantwana abane-ADHD sisoloko sisekwa yiminyaka yesikolo esikwiminyaka yokuqala ukuya kwiphakathi kwaye le nkcukacha ingazinamathela kumntwana njengoko eqala ukwenza utshintsho oluthile kwizakhono zentlalo. Ngenxa yoko, kunokuba luncedo kubazali ukuba basebenze nootitshala babo, abaqeqeshi, njl njl. Ukuzama ukujongana nale miphumo ebuhlungu.
Abantwana abasebancinci bahlala bekhangelelana nootitshala babo xa besenza iintando zentlalo ngeontanga zabo. Ukufudumala komtsalane, umonde, ukwamukelwa, kunye nokunyamekela ukulungelelanisa kunokusebenza njengomzekelo kwiqela laontanga kunye nefuthe kumgangatho wezenhlalakahle zomntwana. Ukuseka ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nootitshala bakho. Yabelana ngemimandla yengane yakho yamandla kunye neminqweno, kunye neendawo zokubuthathaka, kunye nezicwangciso ozifumene luncedo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ezo buthathaka.
Xa umntwana ehlangene nokuhluleka eklasini, kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi kwaye ibaluleke ngakumbi ukuba utitshala womntwana azifumanise ngokukhawuleza iindlela zokubonisa ingqalelo kuloo mntwana. Enye indlela yokwenza oku kukunika umntwana umsebenzi okhethekileyo kunye noxanduva phambi kwabanye abantwana eklasini. Qinisekisa ukuba zezi zixanduva apho umntwana wakho angaphumelela kwaye athuthukise iimvakalelo ezingcono zokuzimela kunye nokwamkelwa ngaphakathi eklasini. Ukwenza oku kunika ithuba lokuba iqela lontanga lijonge umntwana wakho ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye lunokunceda ukuyeka inkqubo yeqela lokulahlwa yontanga. Ukudibanisa umntwana kunye "nomhlobo" onovelwano ngaphakathi eklasini kunokukunceda ukuncedisa uluntu.
Musa ukulibala izinto ezisiseko. Bambisana notitshala womntwana wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokufundela i-" ADHD-friendly " ngokusemandleni ukuze umntwana wakho angakwazi ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD . Sebenzisana kunye notitshala (kunye nomqeqeshi okanye omnye umnakekeli omdala) kwiindlela zokuphatha kakuhle, kwakunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo.
Amachiza , xa kufanelekile, ngokuqhelekileyo anokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezingalunganga abaontanga abafumana kuzo. Ukuba umntwana wakho eyeza kumachiza ekuncedeni ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD, qiniseka ukuba usebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nokusebenzisana nodokotela wengane yakho. Ukuze iyeza libonelele ngeyona nto inokukunceda ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-ADHD eziphambili , kukho imfuneko eqhubekayo yokubeka iliso, ukulungelelanisa, nokwenza utshintsho endleleni.
Ukufunda okongeziweyo: Izinto ezi-6 ozoziwa malunga ne-ADHD
Imithombo:
Betsy Hoza, Ph.D., Ukusebenza koontanga kwizingane ezine-ADHD. I-Journal ye-Psychology ye-Pediatric , 32 (6) iphe. 655-663, 2007.
UBetsy Hoza, uSylvie Mrug, uAlyson Gerdes; UStephen Hinshaw; UWilliam Bukowski; Joel Gold; Helena Kraemer; UWilliam Pelham, Jr .; UTimothy Wigal; UL. Eugene Arnold; Ziziphi iimeko zobudlelane boontanga abangenabuthathaka kwabantwana abanenkathalo-Ukulahleka / ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki ?, Journal of Consulting and Psychology , 2005, Vol. 73, No. 3, 411-423.
URussell Barkley, Ukunyanzelisa i-ADHD: I-Guide epheleleyo, egunyazisiweyo yabazali, i-Guilford Press, ngo-2005.