Yintoni ngokwenene inkqubo yentsholongwane yomhlaba kwaye yintoni indima idlala ngayo emzimbeni? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkqubo yeentlanzi iyahlula zibe zimbini: inkqubo ye-nervous central kunye ne-system ye-nervous system. Inkqubo yesiseko yomnatha iquka ubuchopho kunye nomtya womthambo, ngelixa inkqubo ye-nervousal system iquka zonke iimbilini eziphuma kwiingqondo kunye nomthambo womgudu kwaye zandise kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezibandakanya imisipha kunye namalungu.
Inxalenye nganye yenkqubo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela ulwazi luthelwa ngayo kuwo wonke umzimba.
Makhe sifunde malunga nento encinane malunga nemisebenzi kunye nesakhiwo senkqubo ye-nervous system.
Yisiphi iNkqubo yeNeripheral yeNervous?
Inkqubo ye-nervous system (PNS) yinkqubo yenkqubo yeentlanzi equlethe zonke iimbilini ezingaphandle kwenkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS). Indima ephambili ye-PNS kukuxhuma i-CNS kwizitho, izitho kunye nolusu. Ezi zinzwa zisuka kwi-system central neerous ukuya kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Inkqubo yendlela yokwenza ivumela ukuba ingqondo kunye nomtya womthambo ufumane kwaye uthumele ulwazi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, osivumela ukuba sisabele kwisimo esingqongileyo kwindawo yethu.
Iimbilini ezenza inkqubo ye-neervon ye-peripheral empeleni ziyi-axons okanye iifake ze- axon ezivela kwiiseli ze-neuron . Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zininzi zincinci kodwa ezinye iimbumba ezinomdla zikhulu kangangokuthi ziya kubonakala lula ngamehlo abantu.
Inkqubo yesisongela yendawo yomhlaba ngokwahlukileyo iyahlula ibe ngamacandelo amabini:
- Inkqubo ye-nervous system
- Inkqubo ye-nervous system
Elinye lala macandelo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindlela inkqubo ye-nervous system isebenza ngayo.
Inkqubo yeSomatic yeNervous
Inkqubo ye- somatic yinxalenye yesimiso se-nervous system esinoxanduva lokuphatha ulwazi olusisiseko kunye nolwazi lwe-motor ukuya kunye nakwinkqubo ye-nervous central.
Inkqubo ye-nervous system ifumana igama layo kwigama lesiGrike elithi soma , elithetha "umzimba."
Inkqubo ye-somatic inexanduva lokudlulisa ulwazi oluvelayo kunye nokunyakaza ngokuzithandela. Le nkqubo iqulethe ezimbini iindidi ezinkulu ze-neurons:
- I-neurons ezinomqondo (okanye i-neurons echaphazelekayo) ezithwala ulwazi ukusuka kwiisondlo ukuya kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Yilezi neurons zengqondo ezisivumela ukuba sithathe ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye sizithumele kwingqondo nangomlenze womgudu.
- Ii-neurons zeenjini (okanye i-neurons echaphazelekayo) ezithwala ulwazi oluvela kwingqondo kunye nomgudu womgogodla kwimibhobho yomsila kuwo wonke umzimba. Ezi zixhobo ze-motor neurons zisivumela ukuba sithathe isenzo somzimba ngokuphendula kwisimo esingqongileyo.
I-Autonomic yeNervous System
Inkqubo yokuzimela iyinxalenye yesimiso se-nervous system esinoxanduva lokulawula imisebenzi yomzimba engabandakanyekanga, njengokuhamba kwegazi, intliziyo, ukugaya kunye nokuphefumla. Ngamanye amazwi, yinkqubo yokuzimela elawula imiba yomzimba edlalwa phantsi kokulawula ngokuzithandela. Le nkqubo ivumela le mi sebenzi ukuba yenzeke ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba bacinge ngokuphathelele kuzo.
Le nkqubo ikwahlukana ngokwengeziwe ngamasebe amabini:
- Isistim sokubonisa uvelwano silawula iimpendulo ze- flight-or-fight . Le nkqubo ilungiselela umzimba ukuba ugxininise amandla kunye nokujongana neengongelo ezinokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthathwa isenzo, isistim sokuvelisa siza kusabela impendulo ngokukhawulezisa intlawulo yenhliziyo, ukunyusa izinga lokuphefumla, ukunyuka kwegazi ukuhamba kwimisipha, ukuvula ukukhutshwa kwegazi kunye nokuphucula abafundi. Oku kuvumela umzimba ukuba uphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezifuna inyathelo elikhawulezileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, sinokuhlala size silwe nobungozi, ngelixa kwezinye iimeko sinokuthi sibalekele ingozi.
- Inkqubo ye-parasympathetic inceda ukugcina imisebenzi yomzimba eqhelekileyo nokugcina izinto eziphathekayo. Xa isisongelo sidlulile, le nkqubo iya kuthoba iqondo lentliziyo, ukuphefumula okucothayo, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwiimisipha, kunye nokunciphisa abafundi. Oku kusivumela ukuba sibuyele imizimba yethu kwindawo yokuphumla evamile.
Imithombo:
Coon, D. & Mitterer, JO Intshayelelo kwiSkychology: Ingenelo engqondweni kunye nokuziphatha kunye neComputer Maps. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2010.
I-Eyesenck, MW kuphela I- Psychology . INew York: UTylor & Francis; 2012.