Amacandelo e-OCD kunye neengxaki ezichaphazelekayo
Iindlela apho iimpawu zengxaki yokunyanzela (i-OCD) eyona nto ihamba ngokubanzi ukusuka kumntu kumntu. I-"Manual Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders" (iDSM-5) inikeza inkcazelo ebanzi yokukhathazeka okunyanzelekileyo okubandakanya ubukho bokuzilahla kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa okubangela ukucinezeleka okukhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kwimihla ngemihla.
Oogqirha kunye nabaphandi bacetyisa ukuba i-OCD inokwahlukana ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yempawu eziye zenzeka.
5 Iimpawu ze-OCD ze-Symptom
Nangona iintlobo ezithile zeempawu zibonakalisa zizinzile ngokwexesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane utshintsho kwimeko kunye nokugxilwa kweempawu zakho. Ukongezelela, nangona uninzi lweempawu zakho luya kuhambelana nesicatshulwa esithile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane iimpawu zezinye iintlobo ngexesha elinye.
- Ukugqithisa ukungcola kunye nokucoca / ukucoca ukunyanzeliswa: Ukuba uchaphazelekayo yi-subtype yesibonakaliso, ngokuqhelekileyo uza kugxila kwiimvakalelo eziphazamisayo ezinxulumene nokuhlambulula kwaye uhlambulule okanye uhlambuluke ngokugqithiseleyo ukunciphisa le miva yokuxinzezeleka. Umzekelo, unokuba uzive ukuba izandla zakho zingcolile okanye zihlambulukile emva kokuchukumisa i-cookie okanye ukukhathazeka ukuba uya kubangcolisa abanye ngeentsholongwane zakho. Ukuze ulahle le miva, unokuhlamba izandla ngokuphindaphinda iiyure ngexesha.
- Ukulimaza i-obsessions ngokujonga ukunyanzeliswa: Ukuba ufumana le subtype yesibonakaliso, uya kuba neengcamango ezinzulu ezinxulumene nomonakalo okwenzakalisa wena okanye abanye kwaye usebenzise iinkqubo zokukhangela ukukhathazeka kwakho. Umzekelo, unokucinga ukuba indlu yakho ivutha kwaye uqhube uqhuba ngendlu yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mlilo. Okanye, unokucinga ukuba ngokucinga nje ngesiganeko esiyingozi, ukwandisa amathuba okuba eso siganeko senzeke.
- Ukuqaphela ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa okubonakalayo: Olu hlobo lwesibonakaliso ludla ngokubhekiselele kwiintsilelo ezingafunekiyo ezinxulumene neentlobano zesini, ezonqulo, okanye ezinobundlobongela. Ngokomzekelo, unokuba neengcamango zokuba umdlwenguli okanye uza kuhlasela umntu. Unokusebenzisa rhoqo izithethe zengqondo ezifana nokufunda amagama athile, ukubala entloko yakho okanye ukuthandaza ukukhulula uxhalaba olufumanayo xa unengcamango yokuzibandakanya. Iziganeko ezinxulumene nokugqithiswa zivame ukukhutshwa kuzo zonke iindleko.
- Ukugqitywa kwemimetri kunye nokuyalela, ukuhlela, nokubala ukunyanzelisa: Xa ufumana le subtype, uziva unesidingo esinamandla sokulungiselela nokulungiswa izinto ngaphambi kokuba "zilungile." Ngokomzekelo, unokuziva unomfuneko wokuhlaziya rhoqo iikhati zakho ukuze zilayishwe ngokuchanekileyo ngombala. Esi sibonakaliso se-subtype sinokuquka ukucinga okanye ukuthetha izivakalisi okanye amagama ngokuphindaphindiweyo kude kube yinto efezekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa, ukuhlela, nokubala ukunyanzelwa kwenzelwa ukukhusela ingozi. Umzekelo: "Ukuba ndiyilungiselela ideskiti yam ngokugqibeleleyo umyeni wam akayi kufa ngengozi yemoto." Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo.
- Ukugxeka: Ukuhlaselwa ngoku kuyaqatshelwa njengoluhlu olucacileyo kwi-DSM-5. Ukugxotha kubandakanya ukuqokelela izinto ezigwetywa njengexabiso elincinci ngabanye ezifana neemagazini ezindala, iimpahla, iirisithi, i-mail engenanto, amanqaku okanye izitya. Ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yakho yokuhlala iyadliwa kakhulu nge-clutter kangangokuba ayikwazi ukuhlala kuyo. Ukutya ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kunye noyiko lokulahlekelwa yimpahla okanye izinto ezinokufunwa ngolunye usuku kunye nokuxhamla ngokomzwelo kwizinto. Abantu abachaphazelekayo yi-subtype yesigxina baya kuba namaxhala aphezulu kunye nokuxinezeleka kunabantu abanamanye amaninzi kwaye kaninzi abakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi oqinileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu, ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzelisa kungenziwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwe-OCD.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders
I-DSM-5 yayiquka iinkcazo ezintsha okanye zihambisa izi ngxaki kule candelo.
- Ingxaki yokuqhawula isikhumba (ukukhutshwa kwe-excoriation): Le ngxaki yaqatshelwa njengoluhlu olucacileyo kwi-DSM-5. Kuqhubekile ukukhahlela esikhwameni sakho esibangela izilonda, izifo, kunye nokukhathazeka klinikhi. Kuxhaphake phakathi kweepesenti ezi-1 kunye neepesenti ezi-2 zoluntu.
- Inkinga yokudonsa inwele (trichotillomania): Kule disorder ehlobene ne-OCD, unomnqweno onamandla wokukrazula iinwele entloko yakho, iinki, i-eyelashes, okanye kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphathwa ngokuqeqeshwa kokuziphatha ngokutsha kunye nokunyangwa kwengqondo.
- Umzimba we-dysmorphic disorder: Le ngxaki yinto "yokukhathazeka ngesinye seziganeko okanye iimpazamo ezibonakalayo ezingabonakaliyo okanye ezibonakala zimbalwa kwabanye." Imigaqo-nkqubo ibandakanya ukuba wenze ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kokuzilungisa okanye ukujonga ukubonakala kwakho okanye ukwenza izinto zengqondo ezifana nokuhlala uqhathanisa nokubonakala kwakho kwabanye. I-dysmorphia ye-muscle yintlupheko yesifo somzimba esichengileyo esicinga ukuba umzimba wakho uncinci okanye awuyiyo isisulu ngokwaneleyo.
- I-OCD kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo ezibangelwa yinto / iyeza okanye ngenxa yenye imeko yonyango: Ukuboniswa kwezinye izinto kunye namayeza kunokunyusa ukuphuhliswa kweempawu ze-OCD. Kukho nakwiimeko ezithile zezokwelapha kunye neenroloki ezinokudityaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwengxaki.
Ukongezelela, nangona akuqhelekanga ukuba oomama abatsha bafumane uluvo olubanzi lweemvakalelo emva kokufika komntwana omtsha, ixesha elide lokuhamba emva kwexesha liye laziwa ngokuba lixesha lokungcipheka kokubonakala, ukunyuka okanye ukuphindaphinda kwemizwa kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa. Izifundo ezininzi ziye zacetyiswa ukuba ixesha lokuhamba emva liyakwazi ukubeka umngcipheko wokuqala okanye ukunyuka kwe-OCD .
OCD kwizingane
Nangona abaninzi abantu bacinga nge-OCD njengengxaki echaphazela abantu abadala kuphela, ipesenti ezifanayo zabantwana nazo zichaphazelekayo. Nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi phakathi kokuqala kwabantu abadala kunye ne -OCD yokuqala yebantwana , kukho ukungabikho kwamanani amaninzi-ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kunyango kunye nempawu zempawu.
Nangona sicinga ukuba i-OCD ibangelwa kukudibanisa uxinzelelo, iimpawu zofuzo kunye nokungalingani kweekhemikhali kwingqondo, kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi uhlobo oluthile lwe-OCD yobuntwaneni lunokuthi lube sisifo esizimele. Kwiintsholongwane ezenza izifo ezibangelwa yi-neuropsychiatric disorders ezinxulumene nokusuleleka kwe-streptococcal (PANDAS), abantwana bahlakulela izifo ze-OCD okanye iziqu ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka kwe-strep (njenge-strep throat) okanye umkhuhlane obomvu okanye unobungozi beempawu ze-OCD ezikhoyo. Izifundo kwiZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo zeNgqondo zibonise ukuba isifo sokusuleleka kwe-strep sinokuvelisa izixhobo zokulwa neengxaki ezithintekayo ezinqamlekileyo ezinokuthi zivelise iimpawu ze-PANDAS kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 ubudala.
Unyango lwe-OCD
Ukukhetha unyango lwenkqubo ye-OCD kuxhomekeke kwimibandela emininzi, kuquka:
- Yintoni eyasebenza kwixesha elidlulileyo
- Ingqondo yakho malunga neyeza
- Isizathu sakho sokufumana ukukhuselwa kokuphendula okukhuselekileyo (ERP) okanye unyango oluthile lokuziphatha (CBT)
- Ubunzima beempawu zakho
- Ubukho bezinye iingxaki ezifana nokudandatheka
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezininzi iintlobo ze-OCD ziphendula kwintsebenziswano ethile yonyango yokuziphatha, ukukhusela ukuphendula, kunye neyeza. Uluhlu olubalulekileyo lunokuthi lugcinwe, olungabonakali ukuphucula ngamachiza kodwa lubonakala luphendula kwisifo sengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba luncedo kuwe ukuba uxoxe nge-psychologist okanye ugqirha wakho ngeendlela ngendlela i-ERP, i-CBT kunye namachiza angatshintshwa ngayo ukwenzela inzuzo enkulu kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho.
ILizwi
Ukuba unempawu ze-OCD okanye izifo ezichaphazelekayo, jonga umboneleli wakho wezempilo njengokuba kukho unyango olukhoyo. Awuyena yedwa umntu onezi ngxaki. Uya kufumana inkxaso kwaye ufumane uncedo oluyidingayo ukuze ukhulule ezi zinto.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo (umxholo wesihlanu) . IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013.
> da Rocha FF, Correa H, iTexexe AL. Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo kunye nokuzibulala-mzimba: ukuhlaziywa. Inkqubela phambili kwi-Neuro-Psychopharmacology ne-Biological Psychiatry 2008 32: 1139-1146.
> I-Lomax CL, i-Oldfield VB, i-Salkovskis PM Ukuqhathaniswa kwezonyango kunye nokonyango phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nexesha lokugqibela eliyingozi. Uphando loPhando kunye noTywala 2009: 99-104.
> Imibuzo neempendulo ze-PANDAS. ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/pandas/index.shtml.
> I-Starcevic V, i-Brakoulias V. Iimpawu zengqungquthela zengxaki yokunyanzela: ngaba zifanelekile unyango? I-Australian neNew Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2008 42: 651-661.