I-theory-synthetic theory yincwadana ye-neurobiological yeso sizathu siphupha . Umbuzo wokuba kutheni abantu bephupha baye baphazamisa iingcali zeengcali kunye nososayensi ngamawaka eminyaka, kodwa ngoku nje kwimbali abaphandi baye bakwazi ukujonga ngokukodwa oko kwenzekayo emzimbeni nasengqondweni ngexesha lokuphupha.
IHarvard yengqondo yeJ.
U-Allan Hobson noRobert McCarley baqale bacebisa i-theirory yabo ngo-1977, bacebisa ukuba iziphumo eziphuphayo kwiinjongo zengqondo zenza umqondo wokwenza izinto ezinobungqina bobubele obuqhubekayo ngexesha lokulala.
Nangona ulala, ingqondo yakho iyasebenza. UHosson noMcCarley bacebisa ukuba ngexesha lokulala, umsebenzi kwezinye iinqanaba ezingaphantsi kwengqondo ezijoliswe ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo zesiseko ze-biological zitshintshwa yizona nxalenye zengqondo ejongene nemisebenzi ephezulu efana nokucinga nokucwangcisa ulwazi.
Khangela ngokugqithiseleyo i-Activation-Synthesis Theory
Imodeli yokusebenzisana-yokubonisa ibonisa ukuba amaphupha abangelwa iinkqubo zobomi bobuchopho. Ngelixa abantu babedla ukukholelwa ukuba ukulala nokuphupha kwakuyinkqubo engabonakaliyo, abaphandi ngoku bayazi ukuba ingqondo ayiyi kuthula ngexesha lokulala. Uhlobo oluninzi lwe-neural activity luqhutywa njengoko silala.
Ingxenye yale nto kukuba ubuthongo bunceda ubuchopho benza imisebenzi emininzi kuquka ukucoca ingqondo kunye nokudibanisa imemori kwimihla yangaphambili.
Umsebenzi wengqondo ngexesha lokulala ubangela njani ukuphupha? NgokukaHobson nabanye abaphandi, izijikelezo ezisecaleni lobuchopho zivakala ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM.
Emva kokuba ezi zijikelezo zisebenzisiwe, iindawo zenkqubo yesigxina ezibandakanyeka kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, kunye neenkumbulo, kubandakanywa i-amygdala kunye ne- hippocampus , iyasebenza. Ingqondo iqokelela kwaye iguqulela lo msebenzi wangaphakathi kunye nokuzama ukudala intsingiselo kule miqondiso, ephumela ekuphupheni.
UHotson uphakamisa ukuba kukho izinto ezintle ezibalulekileyo zamaphupha . Iingcamango zihlala ziqulethe izinto ezingenangqiqo, iimvakalelo ezinzulu, ukwamkela umxholo ongaqhelekanga, amava okungaqhelekanga kunye nobunzima bokukhumbula umxholo wokuphupha.
Ukufingqa, i-theory synthesis synthesis is made three assumptions:
- Amanqanaba aphakamileyo omsebenzi kwi-brainstems ayimfuneko ukuphupha.
- Ukusebenza kule mimandla yengqondo kubangelwa ukulala kwe-REM nokuphupha kunye nokuba konke okuphuphayo kwenzeka ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM.
- I-forebrain izama ukubeka intsingiselo kwizibonakaliso ezingalindelekanga ezidalwe ukusuka ekusebenziseni i-brainstem, ezibangele amaphupha ahambelanayo.
Ngoko kutheni ingqondo izama ukwenza intsingiselo kulezi zibonakaliso ezingaqhelekanga ezenzeka ngexesha lokulala? "Ingqondo ingenakunqwenela ukukhangela intsingiselo yokuba ithetha kwaye idala intsingiselo xa kuncinci okanye akukho nanye idatha ekuceliwe ukuba iyenze," u-Hobson wacetyiswa.
Ukuphendula kwi-Theory
Ukupapashwa kokuqala kophando lwabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu, ngakumbi phakathi kwabahlalutyi baseFreud. Ekubeni abaphandi abaninzi bephupha nabaphululi bezolimo batyala ixesha elide kunye nomgudu ukuzama ukuqonda intsingiselo yeephupha , isiphakamiso sokuba amaphupha ayenjalo nje ngengqondo yengqondo yokusebenza ngexesha lokulala ayengahlali kakuhle nabaninzi.
Ngaba Kuthetha Ukuba Iingcamango Zingenanto?
Ngelixa umzekelo wokusebenza-wokuhlanganisa wokuphupha uthembele kwiinkqubo zobomi ukuze uchaze ukuphupha, akuthethi ukuba amaphupha ayinanto.
Ngokutsho kukaHobson, "Ukuphupha kungabonakala kwimeko yethu yokuziqonda, enye apho i-chaotic, i-recombination of elements engqiqweni eyenza ukuveliswa kwenkcazelo yolwazi: iimbono ezintsha.
Ngelixa ezininzi okanye ezininzi zeengcamango zingabonakaliyo, ukuba nokuba zizinto ezimbalwa zezinto ezixhamlayo zisebenzise ngokwenene, ixesha lethu lephupha aliyi kutshabalaliswa. "
I-AIM Model of Dreaming
Ngombulelo kwiinkqubela zanamhlanje kwiingcinga zobuchopho kunye nokukwazi ukubeka umsebenzi wengqondo, abaphandi ngoku baqonda ngokubanzi malunga nokujikeleza kokulala, izigaba ezahlukeneyo zokulala, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo okuqonda .
Ingqungquthela yakutshanje ye-theory-synthetic theory iyaziwa njenge-AIM model, imele ukusebenze, ukufakelwa kwe-input-output, kunye ne-modulation. Lo mzekelo omtsha uzama ukuthatha oko kwenzekayo kwingqondo yengqondo yengqondo njengoko utshintsho lwengqondo luguquka kwi-waking, non-REM, kunye ne-sleep sleep.
ILizwi
Izizathu kunye neentsingiselo zokuphupha ziye zaxhalabisa izafilosofi nabaphandi ngeenkulungwane. I-theory-synthetic theory yongezelela ubungakanani obubalulekileyo ekuqondeni kwethu isizathu sokuba siphupha kwaye sigxininise ukubaluleka komsebenzi we-neural ngexesha lokulala. Njengoko iteknoloji entsha ivela ekufundeni ubuchopho kunye neenkqubo zokulala, abaphandi baya kuqhubeka nokwenza intuthuko entsha ekuqondeni ukuba kutheni siphupha, sichazela, kunye neyona nto ithetha ngayo amaphupha ethu.
> Iingcaciso:
> Hobson, JA. Ukulala kwe-REM nokuphupha: Ukuya kwi-theory of protoconsciousness. Uhlolo lweNdalo Neuroscience . 2010; 10 (11): 803-13.
> Hobson, JA & McCarley, i-RW. Ingqondo njengenjini-jenerethi yelizwe: i-activation-synthesis hypothesis yenkqubo yokuphupha. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry. 1977; 134: 1335-1348.
> Hobson, JA. Ubomi Bokuphupha. ENew York: iiNcwadi eziSiseko; 1988.
> Hobson, JA. Ubulumko. ENew York: I-Scientific American Library; 1999.