Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ii-hallucinogens ziguqula imibono yabasebenzisi ngokusebenza kwiibhodi ze-neural kwingqondo, ngokukodwa kwi-correx ye-prefrontal, ummandla wengqondo echaphazelekayo ekuboneni, imizwa kunye nokuqonda. Nangona izidakamizwa ze-dissociative zicingelwa ukuba ziphazamise ama-glutamate transmitters kwingqondo, ii-hallucinogens zikholelwa ukuba zichaphazela i-neurotransmitter serotonin.
I-hallucinogens inokuchaphazela imimandla yengqondo ejongene nokuphendula ngokusesikweni kunye nokuziphendulela ngokwasemzimbeni ukuxininisa nokuphazamiseka, ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) uphando.
Ziziphi Iimiphumo ezimfutshane zeeHlucinogens?
Abantu abasebenzisa i-hallucinogens bayakwazi ukubona izinto, bave izinto kwaye bazive bevakala ukuba kubonakala beyinyani, kodwa akukho. Ezi ngcamango ziguqulwa ziyaziwa njengeengcamango.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, le miphumo ingaqala ukususela kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwe-90 emva kokungena kwaye ikwazi ukuhlala kwiiyure eziyi-12.
Enye ingxaki kubasebenzisi be-hallucinogens kukuba igalelo leziyobisi lingaba nelinganakwenzeka. Isixa esisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nobuntu bomsebenzisi, isimo sengqondo, iindawo ezikuyo, kunye nokulindela konke kunokudlala indima kwindlela "uhambo" oluya kuhamba ngayo.
Yiyiphi i-hallucinogens engayenzayo yonakalisa amandla omsebenzisi ukuqonda into eyinyani, cingisisa kunye nokuthetha. Ngamafutshane, i-psychosis eyenziwa yiziyobisi, kunye nokungaqiniseki.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umsebenzisi uya kuba nohambo olonwabisayo nolushukumisayo ngengqondo. Abanye babika ukuba banengqiqo yokuqonda okuphakamileyo. Kodwa, abasebenzisi banokuba "nohambo olubi," oluvelisa iingcamango eziphazamisayo kunye neemvakalelo zokuxhalaba nokuphelelwa lithemba.
Ngokwe-NIDA uphando, ukuhamba kakubi kungabangela ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ngumlawuli, ukunyanzelisa okanye ukufa.
Oku kulandelayo uluhlu lwefuthe elifutshane lemichiza ye-hallucinogenic, enikezelwa yi-NIDA:
- Ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, izinga lentliziyo kunye nokushisa komzimba
- Utywala kunye nokulala
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla, umlomo owomileyo kunye nokukhupha
- Ubungqina, ubuthathaka, kunye nokuthuthumela
- Impembelelo kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo ngokukhawuleza ezinokubakho ukwesaba ukunyuka, ngokuguquguquka ngokukhawuleza kangangokuthi umsebenzisi unokubonakala evakalelwa ngeemvakalelo
Psilocybin
- Imiva yokuphumla (efana neempembelelo zezilwanyana eziphantsi kwamanqunu)
- Ukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuphazamiseka
- Amava okuqonda / okomoya
Imiphumo emfutshane yexesha elifutshane leHalcinogens
Iimiphumo eziPhezulu
- I-hallucinations, kuquka ukubona, ukuva, ukuthinteka, okanye izinto eziphosakeleyo ngendlela ephosakeleyo okanye ukuqonda izinto ezingekho
- Iimvakalelo ezinzulu kunye namava enomdla (imibala eqaqambileyo, izandi ezibukhali)
- Iimpawu ezixubileyo ("ukubona" izandi okanye imibala "yokuva")
- Utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo okanye ukujonga ixesha (ixesha lihamba ngokukhawuleza)
Iziphumo zomzimba
- Ukwandisa amandla kunye nentliziyo
- I sizathu
Ziziphi iimpepha zexesha elide zeHalcincin?
Esinye isiphumo sokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwama hallucinogens kukuphuhliswa kokunyamezela. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba abasebenzisi be-LSD bakhulisa izinga eliphezulu lokunyamezela izilwanyana ngokukhawuleza.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bathathe imali ekhulayo ngakumbi ukuba bafumane impembelelo efanayo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba xa umsebenzisi eba nokunyamezela kwesinye isilwanyana kwiklasi ye-hallucinogen, uya kuba nokunyamezela ezinye iziyobisi kwiklasi efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu ukhulise ukunyamezela kwi-LSD, baya kuba nokunyamezela kwi-psilocybin kunye ne- mescaline .
Kodwa-ke, abayi kuba nokunyamezela kwiziyobisi ezichaphazela ezinye iindlela ze-neurotransmitter, ezifana ne-amphetamines kunye ne-marijuana.
Ukunyamezela akusisigxina. Ukuba umntu uyayeka ukuthatha le nkunkuma iintsuku eziliqela, ukunyamezela kuya kutshabalala.
Kwakhona, abasebenzisi abangapheliyo be-hallucinogens abahlali naziphi na iimpawu zokukhupha xa beyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, ngokungafani nabasebenzisi abaxhomekeke kwezinye iziyobisi okanye utywala.
I-Psychosis eqhubekayo kunye ne-Flashbacks
Iziphumo ezibini zentsholongwane engapheliyo yokusebenzisa i-hallucinogen ziyi-psychosis eziqhubekayo kunye neengcingo, ngokunye okubizwa ngokuba yi-hallucinogen yokuqhubeka nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki (HPPD}.
Nangona kunqabile, ukuvela kwezi meko akunakulinganiseki njengokuba uhambo olubi. Ziyakwenzeka kunoma ubani, kodwa uphando lubonisile ukuba bavame ukuphawula kwizigulane ezineengxaki zeengqondo.
I-NIDA ibika ukuba i-psychosis eqhubekayo kunye neengcingo ezinokuthi zenzeke kubasebenzisi abathile nangona emva kokuchasana okunye kwezidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic.
Kukho ngokwenene akukho unyango olusisiseko lwee-flashbacks, nangona abaninzi ababafumanayo baphathwa ngama-antidepressants, izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic kunye ne-psychotherapy.
Ngokutsho kwe-NIDA, nantsi ezinye zeempembelelo ezide ezide ze-hallucinogen:
Iziphumo zexesha elide
Psychosis eqhubekayo
- Ukuphazamiseka kokubonakalayo
- Ukucatshulwa ngokungafanelekanga
- Paranoia
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo
I-Hallucinogen Inkinga yokuPhelelwa kwePrayment (Flashbacks)
- Hallucinations
- Ezinye iziphazamiso ezibonakalayo (ezifana nokubona i-halos okanye iindlela ezihambelana nezinto ezihambayo)
- Iimpawu ezithile ngezinye iinkcukacha ziphosakele ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (njenge-stroke okanye i-tumor)
Umthombo:
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. "I-Hallucinogens ne-Dissociative Drugs." Uluhlu lweeNgxelo zoPhando olulungiswe ngoJanuwari 2014