Izifo zengqondo zifunyaniswa ngokuhambelana nencwadana epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association ebizwa ngokuba yiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities . Ukuxilongwa phantsi kwephepha lesine le ncwadana, elalibizwa ngokuba yi- DSM-IV , yayineengxenye ezintlanu, ezibizwa ngokuba yiixes . I-axis nganye yale nkqubo ye-multi-axial yanikezela ngolwazi oluhlukeneyo malunga nokuxilongwa.
Iintlobo zeeNqobo ezahlukeneyo
I-Axis Ndinike ulwazi ngeengxaki zeklinikhi. Naziphi iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka komntu okanye ukulibala kwengqondo , kuya kufakwa apha. Ukuphazamiseka okuza kuwela phantsi kwesi sihloko kubandakanya:
- Iintlupheko ngokuqhelekileyo zichongwa kwi-Infant, Childhood okanye Adolescence
- I-Delirium, i-Dementia kunye ne-Amnestic kunye nezinye iingxaki zoCognitive
- Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Ngenxa YesiXhosa Isimo Sezonyango
- Izifo ezinxulumene nezinto
- I-Schizophrenia kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-Psychotic Disorders
- Izifo zoMoya
- Ukukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa
- Izifo zeSomatoform
- Iingxaki ezikhoyo
- Dissociative Disorders
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezesondo kunye nolwasemzimbeni
- Iingxaki zokutya
- Izifo zokulala
- Iziphazamiso zoLawulo lweMpembelelo Azinjalo
- Izilungiso zokulungiswa
- Ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zibe ziGxininiso zeNkcazo
I-Axis II inikezela ngolwazi malunga nokuphazamiseka komntu kunye nokulahlwa kwengqondo. Ukuphazamiseka okuza kuwela phantsi kwesi sihloko kubandakanya:
- I-Paranoid Personal Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Ingxaki yoBuntu
- Umngcipheko woMntu woMda
- I-Histrionic Personality Disorder
- I-Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Ingxaki yokuKhusela abantu
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu
- Inkathazo yoBuntu obumnyama
- Ingxaki Yomntu Akunjalo Ngenye indlela
- Ukugujwa Kwengqondo
I-Axis III inikezela ngolwazi malunga naluphina iimeko zonyango ezazikhoyo ezinokuchaphazela ingxaki yengqondo yesigulane okanye ukulawula kwayo.
I-Axis IV yayisetyenziselwa ukuchaza iingxaki zengqondo kunye neendawo ezichaphazela umntu. Izinto ezinokuba zifakiwe apha zi:
- Iingxaki ngeqela lokuqala lokuxhasa
- Iingxaki ezinxulumene nentlalo yoluntu
- Iingxaki zemfundo
- Iingxaki zomsebenzi
- Iingxaki zezindlu
- Iingxaki zoqoqosho
- Iingxaki zokufikelela kwiinkonzo zonyango
- Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusebenzisana neenkqubo zomthetho / ulwaphulo-mthetho
- Ezinye iingxaki zengqondo kunye neengingqi
I-Axis V yayiyizinga elilinganiselweyo elibizwa ngokuba yi-Global Assessment of Operation; I-GAF ihamba ukusuka ku-0 ukuya kwi-100 kwaye inika indlela yokwenza isishwankathelo kwinani elilodwa nje indlela umntu asebenza ngayo ngokubanzi. Umxholo oqhelekileyo wale nqanaba uza kuba ngale ndlela:
100: Akukho mpawu
90: Impawu ezincinci ngokusebenza kakuhle
80: iimpawu eziphantsi kweempawu ezilindelekileyo kubaxinzelelo beengqondo
70: Impawu ezintle okanye ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwezenhlalakahle okanye ezikolweni
60: Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo okanye ubunzima bokulinganisela kwintlalo, emsebenzini okanye esikolweni
50: Izimpawu ezinzulu okanye nayiphi na ingozi enkulu kwimisebenzi yoluntu okanye esikolweni
40: Okunye ukukhubazeka ngokwenene ukuvavanya okanye ukunxibelelana okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwiindawo eziliqela ezifana nomsebenzi okanye isikolo, ubudlelwane bosapho, isigwebo, ukucinga okanye
30: Indlela yokuziphatha ithonyelwa kakhulu ngonyango okanye ukulungiswa okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekunxibelelaneni okanye kwisigwebo okanye ukungakwazi ukusebenza kuyo yonke indawo
I-20: Enye ingozi yokuzilimaza okanye abanye okanye ngezinye izihlandlo ayiphumeli ukuhlambulula ubuncinci okanye ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwintetho
I-10: Ingozi eqhubekayo yokuzilimaza ngokwabo okanye abanye okanye ukungakwazi ukugcina ucoceko oluthile okanye isenzo esichukumisayo sokuzibulala esilindele ngokucacileyo ukufa
Xa i-edition yesihlanu, i-DSM-5, yaqulunqwa, kwakunqunywe ukuba akukho senzululwazi sokuhlukanisa iziphazamiso ngale ndlela, ngoko inkqubo ye-multiple-axia yenziwa. Esikhundleni salo, ukuxilonga okutsha okungenayo i-axiax kudibanisa ii-Axes 1, ii-II kunye no-III zangaphambili kwaye zibandakanya iinkcukacha ezihlukileyo zoluhlobo lweenkcukacha ezaziza kuwela kwii-Axis IV ne-V.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities . 4 edition. IWashington, DC: UMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika, ngo-1994.
> Kress, Victoria E. et. al. "Ukususwa kweNkqubo ye-Multiaxial System kwi- DSM-5 : Impembelelo kunye nokuSebenza kweziphakamiso zabacebisi." UMcebisi wezeNgcali . IBhodi leSizwe yeeNgcebiso eziQinisekisiweyo kunye nabasebenzi, Inc. Ipapashwe ngoJulayi 2014.