I-Toluene ingomnye wamakhemikhali anetyhefu awaziwayo ukuba abekho kumsiyi wesigare. Ababhemayo (kunye nabangabhemi ukuphefumula umsi womsi wesibindi) bavelele kwi-toluene kwixabiso eliphezulu kubantu abangenakunxibelelana nomsi wecuba.
Makhe sibone ukuba yiyiphi i-toluene kunye neengozi ezinikela kwimpilo yethu.
Yintoni i-Toluene kwaye iphi na itholakala khona?
I-Toluene iyenzeka ngokwemvelo, apho ingafumaneka kwindawo yokucoca komthi waseTolu Balsam ukusuka eMzantsi Melika.
Kwakuqala ukufunyanwa ngumpempi wasePoland, uFilip Walter ngowe-1837. Kwakhona kwenzeka ngokwemvelo kwioli engcolileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwe-toluene yanamhlanje, luvunwa njengemveliso yepetroli, kunye namanye amafutha afakwe kwioli engcolileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha wongezwa kwi-petroli ukuphucula izilinganiso ze-octane. Kwakhona umkhiqizo wokwenza i-petroleum coke kwilahle.
I-Toluene isetyenziselwa ngokusisiseko njenge-solvent. Yisilwanyana esicacileyo kunye nephunga elibukhali elibonakala ngokulula kwixabiso elincinci. Ikhupha ngokukhawuleza. I-Toluene inemveliso emininzi esetyenziswa ngayo okanye sidibaniselana kunye naso ngezinye. Iipilisi-ipolisi kunye ne-remover, i-lacquers, upende kunye nepeyinti, i-glues, ii-inks kunye ne-stain removes zonke ziqukethe i-toluene.
Kwizinga loshishino, i-toluene isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-rubber, tan isikhumba, kwaye isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokuprinta. Isetyenziswa ekuveliseni iikhemikhali ezininzi, ezifana ne- benzene , benzoic acid, i-benzoyl chloride kunye ne-toluene disocyanate.
Imveliso yeyiloni, iiplastiki, i-polyurethane kunye neentlobo (TNT) zonke zisebenzisa i-toluene kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. I-Toluene ifumaneka kwisithuthi kunye nokutshaya umsi.
Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba udibanise ne-toluene emanzini okanye emhlabathini apho ingaba yongqongileyo kuyo, abaninzi abantu bayabonakala kuyo ngokuphefumla umoya oqukethe i-toluene.
Ingakanani i-Toluene i-smoke cigarette?
I-Toluene yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsi wecuba, kodwa imali ingahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke ekubunjeni kwe-cigarette kunye nendlela etshaywa ngayo.
Umsi ogqithiseleyo umsi (umsi ogqatswa ngumntu otshaya) uqukethe i-toluene encinane kunomsi ogqithiseleyo (umsi wokukhwa komsi ukusuka ekupheleni kwesigarethi). Umsi ogqithiseleyo umsi wesigarethi ongapheli unokuba ne-100 micro-gram ye-toluene, ngelixa umsi ogqithisileyo ulinganisela kwi-micro micro-gram kwibanga le toxin.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa umntu eboniswa eToluene?
Emva kokungenelela, malunga ne-20 ukuya kuma-40 ekhulwini kwe-toluene ziya kukhutshwa ngaphandle komzimba, kodwa abanye bahamba baye egazini ukusuka kumaphaphu. Uninzi lwalo luya kushiya umzimba ngaphakathi kwimihla, ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo lwe-hippuric acid, ikhemikhali engabonakaliyo engakonakaliyo emanzini.
Ukuba umntu udibanisa ne-toluene ngokuyichukumisa, inokuthi iphume kwesikhumba kunye negazi. Ngokufanayo, ukuba isingeniso, i-toluene ifakwe emzimbeni ngephepha le-GI ize ifike kwigazi.
Ukuba umntu ufumaneke kwi-toluene imihla ngemihla, isixa esincinci singakwazi ukuqokelela kwiishuphu ezinamafutha.
Intenal Toluene Inhalation Inobungozi
Abanye abantu bayabamba izinto ezifana neglue equkethe i-toluene ukuze iphakame.
Lo msebenzi uthandwa phakathi kwabaselula, ngenxa yokufumaneka kunye neendleko zeglues, i-solvents, kunye ne-aerosol. Xa kwimeko eluhlaza, i-solvent isoloko igxothwa kwisikhwama seplastiki apho umntu ebekezela ubuso bakhe, avule ngokujulile. Ukongeza kwimingcipheko yempilo evela ekukhutsheni kwe-toluene, kukho nengozi yokuxhatshazwa ngokuphefumula kwiplastiki. Ama-aerosols kunye ne-glues zihlala zifakelwa ngqo.
Inhalation ye-toluene ivelisa iimvakalelo ezinokubangela ukuba abasebenzisi bazive bengenakunqandwa. Imiphumo ifana nokuxiliswa kotywala, kunye nokuphendula okuvela kwisigqibo esichaphazelekayo ukuphazamiseka, ukunganakwa kunye nokulahlekelwa koqhagamshelwano.
I-Toluene icingelwa ukuba iphazamise ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yesistim yomsebenzi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elifutshane kunokubangela intloko, isisu, kunye nokukwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lwe-inhalants eliqukethe i-toluene kunokudala umonakalo omkhulu ongasigxina. Umbono kunye nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukulahleka kwememori, kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo kunokwenzeka konke, njengenkunkuma yesifo kunye nesibindi.
Amanqanaba aphezulu e-inhalants angabangela ukudideka kunye ne-delirium, ubuthongo kunye nobuthakathaka bomzimba. Iimeko zokungabikho, ukungazi, kunye nokufa kubonakala ngenxa yokuba i-toluene ithinta indlela yokuphefumula nentlawulo yenhliziyo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokuchasana ne-toluene (efana nokufunyanwa ngentsholongwane yemihla ngemihla) ngabafazi abakhulelweyo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wengqondo kunye nokukhula kumntwana ophetheyo.
Ngaba i-Toluene Yenza I-Cancer?
Kuza kubekho, akukho ubungqina bekhonkco ngqo phakathi kwe-toluene nomhlaza. I-Arhente yamazwe ngamazwe yoPhando ngeCarcer ayizange ibekwe njenge-agent-causing agent in the people. I-United States I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo ibonise ukuba akukho nolwazi olwaneleyo malunga ne-toluene ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokukwazi ukuba ne-carcinogen ngeli xesha.
ILizwi
Nangona umthamo we-toluene kumsi wesigaretha ungaphantsi kwezinto oya kufumana ukuba unomngcipheko wokugcoba i-solvents, yingozi ye-toxin engabonakali kumzimba womntu kunanoma yimaphi.
Kunzima ukuthetha ukuba ngaba kunceda kwiintloko kunye nokuxakeka kwesinye isihlandlo esingaqhelekanga ngokutshaya, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-toluene iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiimvakalelo ezigulayo ngamanye amaxesha zilandela ukutshaya i-cigarette.
Umsi wesigaretha uzaliswe ngamawaka eemveliso zamakhemikhali, ezininzi zazo ezinobuthi obuhlungu, obangela umdlavuza, okanye zombini. Uphando luqhubela phambili ukutyhila i-toxins entsha kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nokutshaya i-cigarette njengoko ixesha lihamba.
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukungena kwiingozi ezitshatyalaliswa ngumsi wesigarethi ukungahlali kwindawo apho abantu bayabhema khona, ingakumbi ukuba kusemgangathweni lwangaphakathi apho iikhemikhali zibanjwe khona. Umoya, kunye neendawo ezikhoyo kule ndawo ziyingozi kwizempilo .
Ukuba usaguba, sebenzisa olu lwazi kukukunceda wenze isisombululo sokuyeka , kanye kunye. Ewe, kuya kuthatha umsebenzi othile , kodwa khumbula ukuba uphila kwi- addiction , kwaye emva koko, ubomi buya kuphucula ngokuphawulekayo.
Abanye baye bayeka, kwaye nawe unako.
Imithombo:
I-Arhente yeZifo eziNobungozi kunye neRejista yeGciwane. Ingxelo yezeMpilo kaRhulumente kwiToluene. Ukuhlaziywa nokuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 21, 2015.
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. Ziziphi iimpembelelo ezimfutshane kunye nexesha elide lokusetyenziswa okungasebenziyo? . Ukuhlaziywa kukaJulayi, 2012.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Toluene .