Amava, iimvakalelo, iingcamango, kunye nokusingqongileyo kuchaphazela ukufunda
Njengoko igama libonisa, ukufunda ngokufunda kukubandakanya ukufunda kumava. Le ngcamango yaphakanyiswa ngu-psychologist uDavid Kolb owayephethwe ngumsebenzi wezinye i-theorists eziquka uJohn Dewey , uKurt Lewin noJean Piaget .
NgokukaKolb, lolu hlobo lokufunda lunokuchazwa ngokuthi "inkqubo apho ulwazi lwenziwa ngokuguqulwa kwamava.
Ulwazi luphumela kwimida yokubamba nokuguqula amava. "
Imfundiso yokufunda enokufunda ihluke kwiingcamango zengqondo kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwiingcamango ezinengqiqo zigxininisa indima yeenkqubo zengqondo ngelixa iingcamango zokuziphatha zingayigxininisi indima enokuthi ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokufunda kwinkqubo yokufunda. Iingcamango zengxaki ezicetywayo ngu-Kolb ithatha indlela epheleleyo kwaye igxininisa indlela amava, okubandakanya iingcamango, imiba engqongileyo kunye neemvakalelo, zichaphazela inkqubo yokufunda.
Umbono woMzekelo woLwazi
Kwimodeli yeemvakalelo, uKolb uchaze iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuba namava:
- I ngxelo
- Ukuqikelela ukuqonda
Wachaza iindlela ezimbini zokuguqula amava:
- Ukuqwalasela okubonakalayo
- Uvavanyo lokuSebenza
Ezi ndlela ezine zokufunda zidla ngokubhekiselwe njengomjikelezo.
NgokukaKolb, amava okhonkco anika ulwazi olusebenza njengesiseko sokucinga.
Ukusuka kwezi ngcamango, siyafana nolwazi kwaye senze imiqondo engabonakaliyo. Emva koko sisebenzisa ezi ngcamango ukuphuhlisa iingcamango ezintsha malunga nehlabathi, apho sizama ukuvavanya.
Ngokuvavanywa kweengcamango zethu, kwakhona siqokelela ulwazi ngamava, ngebhayisikili ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkqubo.
Inkqubo ayifuni ukuqala ngamava, nangona kunjalo. Kunoko, umntu ngamnye kufuneka akhethe indlela yokufunda eya kusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwiimeko ezithile.
Ngokomzekelo, ake sicinge ukuba uya kufunda indlela yokuqhuba imoto. Abanye abantu banokukhetha ukuqala ukufunda ngokucinga ngokujonga abanye abantu njengoko beqhuba. Omnye umntu unokukhetha ukuqala ngokungakumbi, ngokufunda nokuhlaziya incwadi yokufundisa ngokuqhuba. Kanti omnye umntu unokugqiba isigqibo sokungena ngaphakathi kwaye ufike emva kwesitulo semoto ukuqhuba ukuqhuba ngokuqhutywa kwikhosi yokuvavanya.
Sinokugqiba njani ukuba yeyiphi imfundo yokufunda esiza kusebenza kakuhle? Nangona iinguqu zeemeko zibalulekile, ukhetho lwethu ludlala indima enkulu. U-Kolb uthi abantu ababhekisiwe "ababukeli" bakhetha ukubonwa okubonakalayo, ngelixa abo "ababenzi" banako ukubandakanya ukuvavanya.
"Ngenxa yezixhobo zethu ezizifa, izinto zethu ezidluleyo kwiimeko zokuphila, kunye neemfuno zemeko yethu, sihlakulela indlela ekhethiweyo yokukhetha," uKolb uyachaza.
Ezi zikhethwayo nazo ziyasebenza njengesiseko seendlela zokufunda zikaKolb . Kulo mzekelo wesitayela sokufunda, nganye yeentlobo ezine zinamandla okufunda kwiindawo ezimbini.
Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaneendlela zokufunda zokuDlulela zibalaseleyo kwimimandla yamava ekhonkco kunye nokuqwalasela okubonakalayo.
U-Kolb ubonisa ukuba inani lezinto ezahlukeneyo lunokuchaphazela iindlela zokufunda ezikhethiweyo. Ezinye zezinto azifumeneyo ziquka:
- Uhlobo lomntu
- Ezizodwa zemfundo
- Ukhetho lo msebenzi
- Indima yomsebenzi wangoku
- Ubuchule bokuthintela
Inkxaso kunye neCriticism
Nangona inkolelo kaKolb yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ezisemgangathweni kwimfundo, kuye kwagxeka kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Inkxaso
- Ucwaningo lukaKolb lubonisa ukuba kukho ukulungiswa phakathi kwabafundi bokufunda izitayela kunye nezikhundla zabo ezikhethiweyo. Abantu abakhetha iikholeji zeekholeji kunye nezakhono ezihambelana kakuhle nezindlela zabo zokufunda zivame ukuzinikezela ngakumbi kwintsimi yabo.
- Ukufunda okunolwazi kunokuba luncedo ekuncedeni abantu bahlolisise amandla abo xa befunda izinto ezintsha.
- Iingcamango zijongana nendlela abafundi abangadlala ngayo amandla abo kunye neendawo eziphuhlisayo apho zibuthathaka.
Ukugxeka
- Iingcamango azikwazi ukulungisa ngokwaneleyo indima kunemidlalo engafanelekiyo ekufundeni.
- Nangona le ngcamango ikulungele ukuhlalutya indlela ukufunda kwenzeka ngayo ngabanye, akunakukujonga kancinci ukufunda okwenzeka kumaqela amaninzi asekuhlaleni. Ukusebenzisana komntu kunye neqela elikhulu kunomthelela njani kwinkqubo yokufunda ngemfundo?
- Izitayela zokufunda azikwazi ukuzinza ngexesha. Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 bavame ukuba baqaphele kwaye bajonge ngelixa befunda.
- Abanye abahlalutyi baphakamisa ukuba le ngongoma ibhekiselele kwaye igxininise.
Iingxelo:
Kolb, DA, Boyatzis, RE, & Mainemelis, C. "Imfundiso yokufunda ngokufunda: Uphando olwangaphambili kunye neendlela ezintsha." Kwiingcamango malunga nokuqonda, ukufunda nokucinga. Sternberg & Zhang (Eds.). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2000.
Kolb, ukufunda i-DA yokufunda: Ukufunda njengomthombo wokufunda nophuhliso. ENew Jersey: i-Hall-Hall; 1984.
Miettinen, R. "Ingcamango yokufunda nokufunda kunye nengcamango kaJohn Dewey yokucinga nengcamango yokucinga." I-International Journal Yemfundo Yomphefumlo Wonke, 19 (1), 54-72; 2000.
UTruluck, JE, & Courtenay, BC "Ukukhethwa kwindlela yokufunda kwabadala kubantu abadala." I-Gerontology yezemfundo, 25 (3), 221-236; 1999.