Ukwahlukana nje okubonakalayo (JND), owaziwa ngokuba ngumda wecala, yinqanaba elincinci lokukhuthaza ukuba umntu angakwazi ukubona i-50 ekhulwini yexesha. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ubucelwe ukuba ubambe izinto ezimbini zeesisindo ezahlukeneyo, umlinganiselo ophawulekileyo oza kubonakala ube ngumlinganiselo osisiseko ophantsi kwezinto ezimbini oza kuwuqonda isiqingatha sexesha.
Kubalulekile ukungadibanisi ukuhlukana okubonakalayo kunye nomgca . Nangona umda wokumahluko uquka ukukwazi ukubona ukungafani kumanqanaba okukhuthaza, umgca ongeyona nto ibhekiselele kumgangatho omncinci kakhulu wokuvuselela. Umngcipheko opheleleyo wesandi, umzekelo, uya kuba yinqanaba elincinane kunazo zonke umntu angayifumana. Ukwahlukana nje okubonakalayo kuya kuba ngumncinci omncinci kumthamo umntu angayiqonda.
Ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo ukungafani okubonakalayo
Umda wokumahluko owawuchazwa okokuqala ngumzimba we-physiologist kunye neengqondo zengqondo ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Ernst Weber kwaye kamva wandisa nge-psychologist uGustav Fechner . Umthetho we-Weber, ngamanye amaxesha obizwa ngokuba ngumThetho we-Weber-Fechner, ubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo ophawulekayo nje uyingxenye eqhubekayo ye-original stimulus.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba ubeke isandi kumntu othabatha inxaxheba waza wandisa ngokukhawuleza amanqanaba e-decibel.
Kwakudingeka ukwandise izinga lezandi ngama-decibel angama-7 ngaphambi kokuba umthathi-nxaxheba angatsho ukuba umthamo ukhulile. Kule meko, ukuhluka okubonakalayo kuya kuba yi-7 decibels. Ukusebenzisa le ngcaciso, ungasebenzisa umthetho ka-Weber ukuba uqikelele ukuhluka okubonakalayo kwamanye amanqanaba omsindo.
Enyanisweni, ulwahlulo olubonakalayo luyahlukahluka kwiimvavanyo. Yingakho i-JND idla ngokumiselwa ngokuqhuba izilingo ezininzi kwaye emva kokusebenzisa amanqanaba amancinci ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bafumane ubuncinane ama-50 ekhulwini kwexesha.
Inqanaba lokunyaniseka lokuvuselela linokudlala indima kwindlela abantu abajonga ngayo utshintsho. Ukuba ukukhanya kakhulu, kunzima kakhulu, abantu banokuba banokubona inguqu ezincinci kunokuba ziza kwenzeka ukuba ezo zinguqu zenzeke ekukhanyeni okukhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba usemidlalo yemafilimu emnyama. Izibane zendlu ziqala ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibone ngokukhawuleza nokuba utshintsho oluncinci ngokukhanya. Emva koko, ushiya i-theatre kwaye uphuma ngaphandle apho ilanga likhanya ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kukho utshintsho olufanayo ekusebenziseni ukukhanya okwenziwe ngaphandle, unganakukwazi ukuwabona kuba iqondo lokukhuthaza liphezulu kakhulu.
Uhlobo olubonakalayo olubonakalayo lusebenza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo kubandakanya ukuthintela, ukunambitha, ukuvumba, ukuva, nokubona. Inokusetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana nokugqama, ubumnandi, ubunzima, uxinzelelo, kunye nosizi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ezinye zeMzekelo
- Khawucinge ukuba uyazivolontiya ukuzama ukuhlola ingqondo esikolweni sakho. Abaphandi bacela ukuba ubambe iinani ezimbini ezincinci kwisanti ngasinye. Umcebisi wancinci wongeza ixabiso elincinane kwisanti kwelinye icala kwaye akucele ukuba uthethe xa uqaphela ukuba esinye isandla sinomukhulu kunomnye. Umlinganiselo omncinci omncinci onokuwufumana ubuncinane isiqingatha sithuba yinto ebonakalayo nje.
- Ubukela umabonwakude kunye neqabane lakho, kodwa umthamo uphantsi kakhulu ukuva. Ucela umlingane wakho ukuba awuguqule. Uxinezela iqhosha levolumu kabini, kodwa usenako ukuxelela umahluko kumqulu. Iqabane lakho licofa iqhosha elingaphinde liphindwe kabini ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukunyuka kwindleko.
- Unayo iphathi kwihostele yakho kwaye ummelwane ufike phezu kwakho kwaye akucele ukuba uphendule umculo. Wena kunye neendwendwe zakho ngokukhawuleza uqaphele ukuba umculo unqabile, kodwa ummelwane wakho akaqapheli umehluko kumqulu ngoba utshintsho lusezantsi kwemeko yakhe.
- Uyavolontiya ngolunye uvavanyo lwezengqondo esikolweni sakho. Ngeli xesha, abazama ukubeka indawo encinci yeshukela kwisitya semanzi kwaye bacele ukuba uyisele. Ucelwa ukuba uthethe xa ubona ubumnandi bamanzi ngokubhekiselele kumanzi aphantsi. Inqanaba elincinci lokunambitheka ongayinayo isiqingatha sithuba ngumlinganiselo wokumahluko.