Umyinge ongenanto iyona nqanaba elincinci lokuvuselela elingafunyanwa, ngokuqhelekileyo lichazwe ubuncinane ubuncinane kwisiqingatha sithuba. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe kwi-neuroscience kunye nophando lwezilingo kwaye lunokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na inkqubela enokufunyanwa ngongqondo lwabantu kubandakanywa isandi, umnqweno, ukunambitha, ukubona, nokuvumba. Ngokomzekelo, ekuhloleni ukugcinwa kwengxolo, abaphandi bangabonisa isandi kunye namazinga ahlukeneyo omthamo.
Inqanaba elincinci elithatha inxaxheba ukuba likwazi ukuva liphela.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kumazinga aphantsi, abathathi-nxaxheba banokubona kuphela inxalenye yexesha elikhuthazayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umgca ongezantsi udlalwa njengendlela encinci ye-stimulus eyenziwa ngumntu ukufumana i-50 ekhulwini yexesha.
Ukuva
Kwivale, umgca ongezantsi ubhekiselele kumgangatho omncinci wethoni efumaneka kwiindlebe eziqhelekileyo xa kungekho zandi izandi eziphazamisayo ezikhoyo. Umzekelo wale nto unokulinganiswa kumazinga athathi-nxaxheba angayifumana isandi sokukhawulwa kwewashi.
Abantwana abancinci ngokubanzi banomyinge ongezantsi wokuva izandi ukususela ekubeni ukukwazi ukufumana izandi kwiindawo eziphantsi kunye eziphezulu kuncipha ukunciphisa ngobudala.
Umbono
Ngombono, umgca ongezantsi ubhekiselele kumgangatho omncinci wokukhanya onokuthatha inxaxheba. Ukugqiba umgca opheleleyo wombono kunokubandakanya ukulinganisa umgama apho umntu othabatha inxaxheba angafumanisa khona ukukhanya kwelanga elikhanyayo.
Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba unxaxheba kwisigqibo sengqondo. Ufakwe kwigumbi elimnyama kwaye ucele ukuba ufumene xa uqala ukufumanisa ubukho bokukhanya kwelinye icala ekugqibeleni igumbi elide. Ukuze unqume umgca ongezantsi, uya kuhamba ngeenombolo zezilingo.
Ngethuba lelingo ngalinye, uya kubonisa ukuba uqala ukufumana ukukhanya. Umgangatho omncinci okwazi ukuwufumana isiqingatha sexesha ngowona mgca wakho wokubona ukukhanya.
Ngomnye uvavanyo lwama-classic, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba emva kokulawula ukulungiswa komnyama, ububanzi bendawo, indawo kunye nobukhulu be-stimulus, iliso lomntu lakwazi ukufumana ukukhupha phakathi kobubanzi be-54 ne-148 photons.
Ukulahlwa
Ngamaphunga, umyinge ongenanto uquka ingxininci encinci ukuba inxaxheba iyakwazi ukuvumba. Umzekelo wale nto uza kuba kukulinganisa oko inani elincinci lempepha enokukwazi ukuvumba kwigumbi elikhulu.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ukuba uqaphele kukuba umqobo opheleleyo wokunuka kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovumba olusetyenziswayo, iindlela zokuhlenga, iindlela zokuqokelela idatha abaphandi abasebenzisayo, iimpawu zabathathi-nxaxheba kunye nemeko engqongileyo. Nokuba ixesha lomhla ekuqokelelwa kwedatha linokuba nomthelela kwimingcele engqongqo.
Imiba engqongileyo efana noxinzelelo kunye nomswakama inokuchaphazela nendlela abathathi-nxaxheba abakwazi ngayo ukubona ukuvumba.
Chukumisa
Isixa sempepha efunekayo ukuba ufumane ukuvakalelwa kweentsiba ngokusunduza ingalo yakho ngumzekelo wendlela yokuthintela.
Xa kufikelele ekuthinteni, izinga lokuvuselela elifunekayo ukufumanisa ukuvuselela lingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwingxenye yomzimba ochaphazelekayo. Umzekelo, umgca wokubamba ukuchukumisa umgca unokungaphantsi kweminwe yakho ngokubhekiselele kwintsipho yakho.
Izinto ezingasichaphazela i-Absolute Threshold
Nangona umgama ongenanto udla ngokucatshulwa ngokokuvakalelwa kunye nokuqonda , izinto ezininzi zinokudlala indima kuquka ukulindela, iinjongo kunye neengcamango. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ulindele ukuva ingxolo, unakho ukukwazi ukuwufumana kumanqanaba aphantsi kunokuba ungayilindelanga ukuba ungalindelanga ukuva ingxolo.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abafazi bavame ukuba nomngcipheko ongezantsi kunabantu, oko kuthetha ukuba bangcono ukufumana amanqanaba aphantsi okubona, ukuvumba, ukunambitha, ukuthintela kunye nesandi. Abantu abatholekileyo bafunyenwe ukuba bakwazi ukufumana amanqanaba okuphucula kumazinga aphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iimbundu ezipheleleyo ziyakwazi ukutshintsha njengoko abantu bekhula. Xa abantu bebancinci, banako ukufumana amanqanaba emandla kumanqanaba aphantsi kodwa badinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulu ukufumana le miyalelo efanayo xa bekhulile.
ILizwi
Umngcele opheleleyo usebenza njengethuluzi esibalulekileyo kubaphandi abafunda ubuchule kunye nokunciphisa ukuvakalelwa kwabantu kunye nokuqonda. Into ebalulekileyo yokukhumbula kukuba abaphandi bahlukanisa phakathi kokukwazi ukubona ukuvuselela kunye nokukwazi ukuchazela umahluko phakathi kwamanqanaba okuvuselela. Umngcipheko ongeyomfuneko awufanele udideke kunye nomda wokumahluko , owonahluko owona mncinane kakhulu okhoyo ophakathi kwezinto ezimbini.
> Imithombo:
> IDoty, RL & Laing, iDG. Ukulinganiswa kwengqondo yomsebenzi onobungqina bomntu. KwiRL Doty (Ed). I-Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation. Inew york; John Wiley & Son; 2015.
> Gelfand, SA. Ukuphulaphula: Isingeniso se-Psychological and Physiological Acoustics, yesi-5. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis Group; 2009.
> Abelusi, D, Hautus, MJ, & Urale, i-PWB. Ubuntu nemibono yevumba eliqhelekileyo. I-Permosensory Perception. 2017; 10 (1-2); 23-30.