Isifundo: AmaYuda Akunciphise Iingxaki Ngexhomekeke Kutshwala Utywala
Kwiminyaka emininzi, kwakukholelwa ukuba iinkonzo zonqulo nezenkcubeko yeso sizathu sexabiso eliphantsi lokunxilisa phakathi kwamadoda angamaYuda. Oku kuye kwatshintsha ingqalelo kuphando oluthole inkcazo yezinto eziphilayo.
I-Gene Inomphumela Wokukhusela Utywala
Iingcali zenzululwazi aziqinisekanga ukuba kutheni, kodwa ukuhluka kohlobo lwezinto zithintela ukuphuza ukusela kakhulu kubantu abanalo.
Imfuza yokuqala yayibizwa ngokuba yi-dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2 * 2), kodwa kamva yaziwa ngokuba yi-alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B),
Ingqikelelo ye-20 ekhulwini yamaYuda inomdla we-ADH1B. Oku kukholelwa ukuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimilinganiselo ephantsi yobutywala obubiweyo kule nkcubeko. I-gene ivelisa uhlobo oluthe xaxa lwe-enzyme eyenza isinyathelo sokuqala se- alcohol metabolism .
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-gene ibonakala ingqalelo kwizinga eliphantsi lokusela utywala ngaphezu kwezenzo zenkolo. Labo abanomdla wokuhluza badla ngokusela rhoqo kwaye badla utywala obungaphantsi. Ngexesha elifanayo, banokuthi bangabonakali kakubi kumnxila, odla ngokubangela ukuba unqande.
Kamva uphando lufumene ukuba kukho intambo. Imiphumo yokukhusela yemfuza ingancitshiswa yendalo okanye inkcubeko ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu.
Ukujonga kwiingxaki zeNkcubeko ukuPhuza
UDeborah Hasin, Ph.D., waseYunivesithi yaseKapa, kunye noogxa bakhe bafunda ama-75 akwaSirayeli ase-Israel phakathi kweminyaka engama-22 no-65.
Bafumanisa ukuba izifundo nge-gene ADH1B zinezinga eliphantsi kakhulu lokuxhomekeka kotywala ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.
Ukufunda kukaHasin kwaba ngowokuqala ukudibanisa i-gene kwizinga lokuxhomekeka kotywala , kunokuba kutywala kakhulu. Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba iimpembelelo zenkcubeko zinokunciphisa okanye zilahlekise iziphumo zokukhusela i-gene.
Abaphandi bahlula abadlali ekubeni ngamaqela asekelwe kwilizwe labo elivela kulo kunye nokukhumbula ngokufudukela kwaSirayeli. Yilapho bafumana ukuhlukahluka kwimiphumo yokukhusela ye-ADH1B.
Iimpembelelo zeNkcubeko yokuNxila
Izifundo zezifundo zahlula zibe yiAshkenazi (ezo zaseYurophu kunye nezifikelele zaseRashiya ngaphambi ko-1989) kunye ne-Sephardics (abo baseMpuma Mpuma okanye eMntla Afrika) kunye nabafuduki abasuka eRussia.
Abafuduka baseRussia abasandul 'ukufuduka babe neerhafu eziphezulu kakhulu zokusela kakhulu kunamaqela amabini. Kwakhona babe neerhafu eziphezulu kakhulu zokudlulela kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nobomi.
Abaphengululi baphetha ukuba zombini iigleji kunye nemeko yimeko ekuphuhliseni utywala. IRashiya inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusetyenziswa kotywala , ngoxa i-Israel inomlinganiselo ophantsi. Isiko esinxilisayo sokusela abafuduki baseRussia abasandul 'ukutshabalalisa banomdla wokukhusela i-ADH1B.
Ngoko ke, abafuduki baseRashiya ababeye kwaSirayeli ngaphambi ko-1989 bachatshazelwa yinkcubeko kaSirayeli yokusetyenziswa kancinci, uphando lukholelwa. Babenamaxabiso okuxhomekeka kotywala okufana neAshkenazis kunye neSephardics.
I-Israeler abasebancinci bayathintela ukusela
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, inkcubeko yakwaSirayeli ishintshile ukuba ibandakanye amanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kotywala.
Ngokukodwa, ukusela kakhulu kunyuke kumaYuda amancinci amaSirayeli.
Ufundiso oluthile lukaHasin kunye noogxa bajonge ukungafani kwimiba yomgubo we-ADH1B ekusebenziseni utywala kwabantwana abadala nabasemdala ase-Israel. Amanqanaba atywalayo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba asebekhulile bephantsi, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-ADH1B yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, kumaSirayeli amancinci, abo abangenawo umzimba wokukhusela babeneentlawulo ezinkulu zokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Ngokubanzi, abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-33 ubudala banamaxabiso aphantsi okusela kunabo abancinane kunama-33. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zikhuthaza ukuphuza okukhulu phakathi kwamaSirayeli amancinci angakwazi ukuyiphumelela imiphumo yokukhusela yemfuza.
> Umthombo:
> Abrahams D. Uhlobo lweGene lukhubaza utywala lokuxhomekeka phakathi kwamaYuda. IZiko loPhuhliso lwezeMpilo. 2002.
> Neumark YD, et al. Utywala I-Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms Influence Utywala-Ukupheliswa kwamaxabiso kwi-Jewish Population Population. Incwadi yoPhando lwezoTywala kunye neNgcaciso yophando. 2004; 28 (1): 10-4.