Ukuqulunqwa koPhulo lweZonyango kuMoya
Abantu bahlala becinga ukuba i- psychology njenge-science engekho emthethweni engenawo amanyathelo okanye iimpawu ezifanayo, njengokuba, i-chemistry okanye i-biology. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa okungafanelekanga, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kuphando apho iingqondo zengqondo zixhomekeke kubungqina obufanayo obusekelwe kwisayensi njengawuphi na umphandi.
Enye yezindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenza njalo kukumodeli yokuhlalutya eyaziwa njenge-ABA design.
Isetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya kokuhlola kokuziphatha (okujolise ekubambiseni imibutho phakathi kweemeko kunye nokuziphatha) kunye nokuhlalutya kokuziphatha okusebenzayo (apho kusetyenziswa iindlela ezisekelwe kwimigaqo yokufunda).
Yindlela yokuphanda esetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimfundo, ukululekwa, ukunyaniseka kweentetho, kunye nokuphanda kwabantu kunye nokungabikho kwabantu. I-ABA ngenye yezindlela zobugcisa bezengqondo ziya kusebenzisa xa usebenza nabantwana abane-autism.
Ukuqonda i-ABA Design
Uyilo lwe-ABA luhlobo olulinganiselayo ukuqonda. Kubandakanya ukusekwa kwimeko yesiseko ("isigaba"), ukuzisa unyango okanye ukungenelela ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lweshintsho (isigaba "B"), kwaye ususe unyango ukuze ubone ukuba lubuyela kwisiseko.
Uyilo lwe-ABA luvumela abaphandi ukuba bahlole indlela enyango ngayo unyango. Ukuba ukuziphatha ngokupheleleyo kubuyela kwisiseko esilandelayo emva kokurhoxiswa kwonyango, ngoko izazinzulu ziyaqiniseka ukuba unyango lusebenza.
Ukuba isiphumo esifanayo sibuyiselwa emva kokuba unyango luyasetyenziswa, ukuzithemba kwonyango kwanda kakhulu.
Imizekelo ye-ABA Design
Inkqubo ye-ABA kwimizekelo emininzi eyahlukeneyo esetyenziselwa uphando oluthile . Uphando oluthile lucandelo linye apho umxholo-nokuba ngumntu okanye iqela-lisebenza njengolulawulo lwayo.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngokugqithiseleyo impumelelo yokungenelela kumntu, esikolweni, okanye kuluntu kunye nokubonelela ngamanyathelo okuvavanya malunga nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwongenelelo
Makhe sithi, umzekelo, ukuba siqhuba ukuzama ukujonga impembelelo yemifanekiso ekufundeni ukuqonda phakathi kwabadlali abathathu. Ngaphantsi kwe-ABA model model:
- Abathathi-sithathu baqala ngokufunda umhlathi-kuphela (isigaba "A") kunye nokuvavanya ukuvavanya ukuqonda kwabo ukufunda.
- Leli qela liza kubuzwa lifunde enye umhlathi, ngeli xesha kunye nomzekeliso (isigaba "B"), kwaye uza kuvavanywa kwakhona.
- Ukugqiba imodeli ye-ABA, abafundi baya kunikwa esinye isiqendu sombhalo kwaye bavavanywe ngexesha lokugqibela.
Ukuphononongwa kwamanqaku kuya kunika abaphandi ngolwazi kwiimpembelelo zongenelelo ukuba naluphi na.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-ABA Design
Imodeli ye-ABA ibelana ezininzi iimpawu zenye iindlela zokucwaninga ngezifundo:
- Uyilo lwe-ABA luvumela abaphandi ukuba bafumane imilinganiselo ephindaphindiweyo ukwenzela ukuseka iipatheni ezinokuziphatha.
- Ivumela abaphengululi ukuba balinganise ukuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo kunye nemilinganiselo ehambelanayo.
- Ijolise kwindlela enye engatshintshiyo inokuchaphazela ukuziphatha kunokuba isethi yezinto eziguqukayo .
- Akuxhalabele ukuba iziphumo zifaniswe njani kubantu abaqhelekileyo kodwa kunokuba indlela enganyelwe ngayo ingathintela isihloko kunye nesihloko sodwa.
ABAB Design
Ukongezwa komzekelo nguyilo lwe-ABAB. Oku kubandakanya ukulinganisa isiseko (isigaba "A"), ukuzisa unyango (isigaba "B"), ukuhoxisa unyango, nokubuyisela kwakhona ixesha lokugqibela. Oku kuqwalaselwa njengomzekelo wokuqinisekisa ukuba akusixeleli nje kuphela ukuba isiphumo sinokuphindwaphindwa kodwa indlela enamandla ngayo.
Kwezinye iimeko, isiphumo sinokuthi sihlale sifutshane kwaye siphezu kwexesha. Kweminye, inokuqinisa ngakumbi umntu okanye iqela elibonakalayo kuloo unyango.
> Umthombo:
> Byiers, B .; Reichle, J .; kunye noSimmon, F. "IsiCwangciso seNzululwazi esisisigxina esisodwa seNkqubo yokuSebenzisa ubungqina." I-J Speech Lang Pathol. 2012; 21 (4): 397-414; INGXELO: 10.1044 / 1058-0360 (2012 / 11-0036).