Iingxaki zeengqondo ezifihliweyo phantsi koMthetho wamaMerika okhubazekileyo
Ukuba unesifo sengqondo esifana nokudakumba okukhulu, unokuzibuza ukuba unamalungelo akho xa ufaka isicelo somsebenzi okanye uphakanyisiwe. Kucacile ukuba, ukuba unesiphene sokukhubazeka kungekusemthethweni kumqeshi ukubandlulula, ngenxa yoMthetho wama-America abakhubazekileyo (ADA), owaqala ukusebenza ngo-1992 ukukhusela abaqeshi abazimeleyo, oorhulumente boorhulumente kunye noomasipala, ii-arhente, kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi ekuchaseni abantu abakhubazekileyo.
Isebenza kwinkqubo yokufaka izicelo zomsebenzi, ukuqesha, ukuqhuma, ukuqhubela phambili, imbuyekezo, uqeqesho lomsebenzi kunye nokunye. Amashishini okanye iinkampani ezine-15 okanye ngaphezulu abasebenzi kufuneka bahambisane ne-ADA.
Ngo-2008, utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwi-ADA lwandise inkcazo yokukhubazeka, okwenze ukuba abantu abaneemeko "ezingabonakaliyo", njengokudakumba, ukukhuselwa, nangona iimpawu zabo zilawulwa ngamachiza, utshintsho lwezinto zokuphila, okanye unyango. Ukuba uhlangabezana nokudakumba , ukwazi ukuba amalungelo akho kwindawo yomsebenzi angenza umehluko omkhulu ngendlela ojamelana nayo.
Ngaba Ufihliwe ngumthetho waseMerika okhubazekileyo?
I-ADA, kunye nohlengahlengiso luka-2008, ithi abantu banelungelo lokukhubazeka ukuba:
- Unobungozi obungokwenyama okanye wengqondo obangela umlinganiselo omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi yobomi kunye / okanye imisebenzi yomzimba (isistim somzimba, ukukhula kweeseli, isisu, isilonda, isisu, isisu, ubuchopho, ukuphefumula, ukujikeleza kwegazi, i-endocrine, nemisebenzi yokuzala). Imisebenzi emininzi yobomi ibandakanya, kodwa ayinakuphela, ukunyamekela, ukwenza imisebenzi yesikhokelo, ukubona, ukuva, ukutya, ukulala, ukuhamba, ukuma, ukuphakamisa, ukugoba, ukuthetha, ukuphefumula, ukufunda, ukufunda, ukugxila, ukucinga, ukuthetha, kunye sebenza.
- Yiba nembali yeso siphene
- Zibhekwa njengenokonakaliswa okunjalo
Yiyiphi Intlupheko Yengqondo?
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-ADA, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye kwengqondo (njengoko kuchazwe yi-DSM-V) njengengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka, ingxaki ye- bipolar , ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki (ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nokukhathazeka kwangemva kwesifo) , i-schizophrenia, kunye neengxaki zobuntu.
Iingxaki ezingakhange zihlanganiswe yi-ADA ziquka ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki , ubudlelwane bomtshato, okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Ukongezelela, ukuziphatha "iimpawu" ezinjengokucaphuka okanye uxinzelelo azibandakanyi.
Nangona le miqathango ayisoloko iqhubeka, kodwa ibangela i-flare-ups yokukhubazeka, iyakulungeleka nje ukuba le ngxaki ibonwa ingxaki yesikhathi eside.
Ngokuqhelekileyo imeko kufuneka ibe khona kwiinyanga eziliqela ngaphambi kokuba ifaneleke njengengxaki yexesha elide. Iziphazamiso ezibandakanyiweyo kwingcaciso yokukhubazeka zizo ezo zisesigxina okanye ezineempembelelo zexesha elide, kungekhona ezo zisesigxina ezifana nokuqhekeka kobudlelwane.
"Uluhlu oluthile" luzimisele njani?
Ukumisela umda okhuselekileyo akusoloko kufuneka kwenziwe ngcali. Ngamanye amaxesha ubungqina obuqinisekileyo bomntu ofuna ukukhubazeka, intsapho yakhe, abahlobo bakhe, okanye abasebenzisana nabo banokwanela.
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye noTywala
Ngenxa yokuba unyango kunye neziyobisi zixhaphake kubantu abanexinzelelo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-ADA ayigqubuthele abo abaneengxaki zokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi . Nawuphi na umqeshwa onenkinga yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi angabanjelwa kwimigangatho efanayo nabanye abasebenzi. Ukuba umqeshi wakho akayazi malunga nokudakumba kwakho kwaye emva koko ufumene ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, awuyi kukhuselwa.
Ukuqonda ukuHlala okuHloniphekileyo: elinye lamalungelo akho
Ngaphantsi kwe-ADA, abaqeshi kufuneka benze into ebizwa ngokuthi "indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala" kubantu abanokukhubazeka ngokuziqhelana nje ngokuba kungabangela ubunzima obungabalulekanga njengobunzima obukhulu okanye iindleko zenkampani.
Imizekelo yokuhlala efanelekileyo kumqeshwa onenkxalabo ibandakanya ishedyuli yomsebenzi oguquguqukayo okanye ukwabelana ngomsebenzi; ixesha lokunyanga okanye kwiintlanganiso zeqela lokuxhasa ; indawo yokusebenzela; ikhefu elongezelelweyo emva kokubhedlelelwa esibhedlele ; kunye nokuvumela umsebenzi ukuba asebenze ekhaya ngexesha elide.
Ukuba kufuneka uxoxisane nendawo yokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo, nantsi eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele:
- Yintoni umsebenzi wakho onzima kunomsebenzi? Yintoni eya kwenza kube lula?
- Ingaba nayiphi na inxalenye yomsebenzi wakho yenza ukuba iimpawu zakho zokuxinezeleka zibe ngcono okanye zibi?
- Ngaba kukho na indawo kwindawo yokusebenzela eyenza ukuphazamiseka?
- Ngaba iiveki yomsebenzi oguquguqukileyo ingaba luncedo? Umzekelo, ukunciphisa iiyure zakho?
- Ingaba i-telecommuting inokwenzeka ngomsebenzi wakho, ngaba ixesha elipheleleyo okanye kwiintsuku ezithile?
Ukuchaza Ukunyanzeliswa Kwakho
Abaqeshi bayavunyelwe ngumthetho ukubuza ukuba umntu unokukhubazeka, okanye nokuba abuze imibuzo malunga nokukhubazeka okwaziwayo. Ngoko ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesixinzelelo kuwe ukuba utshele umphathi wakho okanye umphathi, kwaye ucele naluphi na indawo yokuhlala oza kufuneka ukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakho.
Kungaba nzima ukukwenza oku, ukunikezwa ukugxekwa kunye neengcamango ezingalunganga ezijikeleze ukugula kwengqondo. Kodwa kungcono ukuba ube phambili kwaye ufumane oko kukufunayo, kunokuba ube ngumngcipheko wokuvavanya ukusebenza komsebenzi okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wakho ngenxa yokuba unqume ukuba unzima. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba injongo ye-ADA kukukhusela abantu njengawe-abantu abanqwenela ukusebenza emsebenzini kodwa bayethusa malunga nendlela ukusebenza kwabo kuchatshazelwa ngayo ngokhubazeka kwempilo yabo yengqondo.
Ukujongana Nokucwaswa
Ukuba uyakrokrelwa ukuba unecalulo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwakho, qhagamshelana neKhomishoni ye-US Equal Employment Commission (EEOC) ukufaka isikhalazo. Umrhumo wocalulo ngokubanzi kufuneka ungeniswe kwiintsuku ezili-180. Unokuba neentsuku ezingama-300 ukufakela umrhumo ukuba kukho umthetho welizwe okanye wengingqi onika inkxaso ekucaluleni ngenxa yesiphene.
Ukufakela ityala localulo uqhagamshelane nayiphi na i-ofisi zee-EEOC. Ezi ofisi zifumaneka kwizixeko kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Ukuba kufunyanwe ukuba ucwanyiwe, unelungelo lokulungisa eliza kukubeka kwindawo oya kuba nayo ukuba ukucalucaluleka akuzange kwenzeke. Unokuba nelungelo lokuqesha, ukuphakanyiswa, ukubuyisela, ukuhlawula umvuzo, okanye indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala, kuquka ukubuyisela kwakhona. Unako ukufumana ilungelo lokugwema iimirhumo.
Njengoko kuvezwa, khumbula ukuba i-ADA yenzelwe ukunceda abantu abanjengawe. Akukuphela nje ukuma kwamalungelo akho xa ubiza ukukhuselwa kwesenzo sokukhubazeka, ubeka umzekelo oya kunceda abanye ngengqondo yengqondo ukuphepha ukubandlululwa ngenxa yesigulo abazange bacele ukuba bajamelane nayo.
Imithombo:
U-Davidson, uL. Uhambo Lokubuyisela: Impembelelo Yokunakekelwa Kwempilo Yengqondo Nokunika Abantu Inxaxheba Ekuthatheni Ngokupheleleyo Ekuphileni. Imiba yezeMpilo . 2016. 35 (6): 1091-7.
UPetrila, J. Congress Ibuyisela iMamerican abakhubazekileyo kuMthetho kwiNjongo Yaso yokuqala. IiNkonzo zengqondo . 2009. 60 (7): 878-9.
I-Petrila, J. Law & Psychiatry: Ngaba i-ADA Been Reborn njengesixhobo soLuntu oluShintsho lwabantu abanzi abanezifo ezikhubazekileyo? . IiNkonzo zengqondo . 2014. 65 (7): 847-9.
IKomishoni yeeNgqesho ezilinganayo. UMthetho woTshintsho lwe-ADA ka-2008. 09/28/08. https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adaaa.cfm
IKomishoni yeeNgqesho ezilinganayo. I-EEOC Ukuthotyelwa kweZikhokelo kumaMerika akhubazekileyo uMthetho kunye nokukhubazeka kweengqondo. 03/05/09. https://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/psych.html