Iingcali zijonge ngeengcamango malunga nokuba kutheni abantu baphuphe
Iingcamango ziye zathandeka izafilosofi kumawaka eminyaka, kodwa kungekudala nje amaphupha athotyelwe uphando kunye nobuchule bokufunda. Amathuba kukuba udla ukufumana udidekile ngenxa yomxholo ongaqondakali wephupha, mhlawumbi uye wazibuza ukuba kutheni ufuna ukuphupha.
Okokuqala, makhe siqale ngokuphendula umbuzo oyintloko.
Yintoni iphupha?
Iphupha linokubandakanya nayiphina imifanekiso, iingcamango kunye neemvakalelo eziye zafunyanwa ngexesha lokulala. Iingcamango zingabonakala ngokucacileyo okanye zingacacanga; zizaliswe ngomsindo ovuyo okanye umfanekiso othusa; ijoliswe kwaye iyaqondakala okanye iyacaca kwaye iyadideka.
Ngoko ngelixa sonke siphupha, zithini izazi zeengqondo malunga nesizathu sokuba siphuphe? Iinjongo zenzani ngokwenene?
Yiyiphi Injongo Yenza Iphupho Likhonza?
Nangona iingcamango ezininzi zicetywayo, akukho vu melwano. Ukuqwalasela ixesha elide esichithayo kwiimeko eziphuphayo, into yokuba abaphandi abayayiqondi injongo yephupha bangabonakala bengenangqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba inzululwazi isalugqitha injongo nenjongo yokulala ngokwalo.
Abanye abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba amaphupha awasebenzi nto yangempela xa abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukuphupha kubalulekile ekuphatheni kwengqondo, ngokomzwelo nangokwenyama.
U-Ernest Hoffman, umlawuli weZiko lokuLinga ukuLalala eNewton-Wellesley Hospital eBoston, iMisa., Wacetyiswa kwiScientific American (2006) ukuba "... kunokwenzeka (nangona ngokuqinisekileyo kungengqiniswanga) umsebenzi wephupha ukuba unxibe izinto ezintsha inkqubo yeememori ngendlela eyanciphisa ukuvuswa komzwelo kwaye iyanceda ekujonganeni neengxaki eziqhubekayo okanye iziganeko ezixinzezelayo. "
Emva koko, makhe sifunde kabanzi ngezinye zeengcamango eziphambili zephupha.
I-Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams
Ngokuvisisana nombono we-psychoanalytic, imbono kaGigmund Freud yamaphupha aphakamisa ukuba amaphupha abamele iimfuno, iingcamango kunye nezizathu ezingenanto. Ngokutsho kwe-Freud's psyanalytic umbono wobuntu, abantu baqhutyelwa ngumoya onobudlova kunye nolwabelana ngesondo olugxininiswe ekuqapheliseni . Nangona ezi ngcamango zingabonakali ngokucacileyo, uFrud uncetyiswa ukuba bafumane indlela yabo ekuqhelweni kwethu ngamaphupha.
Kwincwadi yakhe edumileyo " Ukuchazwa Kwemfalelo ," uFrud wabhala ukuba amaphupha "... ukuzaliseka kwezinto ezifunyenwe."
Wachaza ezimbini iingxenye ezihlukeneyo zamaphupha: umxholo obonakalayo kunye nomxholo okhoyo. Umxholo wokubonakalisa uqulethwe yimifanekiso, iingcamango, kunye nomxholo okwenziwe ngaphakathi kwiphupha ngelixa umxholo osisigxina ubonisa intsingiselo yengqondo efihliweyo yephupha.
Inkolelo kaFrud yanikela ekuthandeni kwenguqulelo yephupha , ehlala eyaziwayo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwahluleka ukubonisa ukuba umxholo wembonakalo uguqula ukubaluleka kwangokwengqondo kwephupha.
Ukuqalisa-Indlela yoMsebenzi wokuPhupha
Imodeli yokuqhelanisa-yokuhlanganisa i-dreaming kuqala yahlongozwa nguJ.
U-Allan Hobson noRobert McClarley ngowe-1977. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, iisekethe ezisebuchosheni ziyaqalisa ukusebenza ngexesha lokulala kwe-REM, okubangela ukuba iindawo zenkqubo yeembambano zibandakanyeke kwiimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye neenkumbulo, kuquka i-amygdala kunye ne- hippocampus , ukuba isebenze. Ingqondo iqokelela kwaye iguqulela lo msebenzi wangaphakathi kwaye izama ukufumana intsingiselo kule miqondiso, ephumela ekuphupheni. Lo mzekeliso ubonisa ukuba amaphupha ayingcaciso ngokuzenzekelayo yezibonakaliso eziveliswa yingqondo ngexesha lokulala.
Nangona le ngcamango ibonisa ukuba amaphupha asisiphumo sempawu ezisuka ngaphakathi, uHobson akakholelwa ukuba amaphupha ayinanto.
Kunoko, ucacisa ukuba ukuphupha "... ngokuzimela kwethu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, enye apho i-chaotic, i-recombination of elements engqondweni, ivelisa ukuqulunqwa kwenkcazelo yolwazi: iimbono ezintsha. Nangona ezininzi okanye ezininzi zeengcamango zingabonakali, nokuba ezimbalwa zeemveliso zaso ziyanceda, ixesha lethu lokuphupha aliyi kutshabalaliswa. "
IiNkcazo zokuCwangcisa ulwazi
Enye yeengcamango ezinkulu ukuchaza isizathu sokuba silale kukuba ukulala kusivumela ukuba sidibanise kwaye sisebenzise yonke inkcazelo esiyiqokelele ngexesha langaphambili. Ezinye iingcali zephupha zibonisa ukuba ukuphupha kungumntu oyimveliso okanye nokuba yingxenye esebenzayo yolu xwebhu lweenkcukacha. Njengoko sijongene neninzi yolwazi kunye neemkumbulo ezivela emini, iingqondo zethu zokulala zidala imifanekiso, imbonakalo kunye neengxelo zokulawula yonke imisebenzi eyenza ngaphakathi kweentloko zethu njengoko silala.
Ezinye iingcamango zeNkolelo
Zininzi ezinye iingcamango ziye zacetyiswa ukuba zenze i-akhawunti malunga nokuvela kunye nenjongo yamaphupha . Ezi zilandelayo zimbalwa zeengcinga ezicetywayo:
- Enye imbono ibonisa ukuba amaphupha asisiphumo sobuchopho bethu bezama ukutshintsha i-stimuli yangaphandle ngexesha lokulala. Umzekelo, isandi somsakazo singabandakanywa kumxholo wephupha.
- Enye ingcamango isebenzisa isalathisi sekhomputha kwi-akhawunti yeephupha. Ngokwale ngqungquthela, amaphupha asebenza 'ukuhlambulula' i-clutter engqondweni, njengento yokucoca kwikhompyutheni, ihlaziya ingqondo ukulungiselela usuku olulandelayo.
- Enye enye imodeli iphakamisa ukuba amaphupha asebenza njengendlela ye-psychotherapy. Kule ngcamango, umphuphi uyakwazi ukwenza uxhulumaniso phakathi kweengcinga ezahlukeneyo nemvakalelo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
- Umzekelo wexesha eliphambili wokuphupha udibanisa ezinye izinto zeengcamango ezahlukeneyo. Ukusebenza kwengqondo kudala ukudibanisa okungahambiyo phakathi kweengcinga kunye nezimvo, ezikhokelwa yimvakalelo yomphuphi.
"Iphupha yimizila yokuthintela yabalinganiswa bethu." - uHenry David Thoreau
> Imithombo:
> Freud, S. Ukuchazwa kwamaphupha. 1900.
> Hobson, JA Consciousness. ENew York: I-Scientific American Library; 1999.
> Antrobus, J. Impawu zamaphupha. I-Encyclopedia yokulala nokuPhupha. Gale Group; 1993.
> Evans, C. & Newman, E. Ukuphupha: Ukufaniswa kwiikhomputha. Scientist New. 1964; 419, 577-579.
> Hartmann, E. Ukudibanisa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo: Ngaba uphupha i-psychotherapy? Ukuphupha. 1995; 5, 213-228.
> Hartman, E. Kutheni sifuna? Scientific American. 2006.