Iimpuziselo ezibonakalayo ze-REM Fade ngokukhawuleza kunye neemeko zinganqanda ukukhumbula
Ukuba uvuka ekuseni uziva udidekile ukuba awuphinde ukhumbule nawaphi na amaphupha owawubusuku nawo, unokubuza umbuzo: Kutheni ndikwazi ukukhumbula amaphupha am? Funda malunga nemeko yamaphupha, umbutho weephupha ezicacileyo kunye nokuhamba kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala, iindlela zokulala eziqhelekileyo kunye nomzekelo wokuphupha, okubangela ukuba iphupha likhumbule njenge-apnea yokulala engapheliyo, nokuba ungayifunda njani ukukhumbula kangcono amaphupha akho.
Yintoni Iphupha?
Phantse wonke umntu ube nephupha ngexesha elithile ebomini; Abantu abayimfama bayakwazi ukuphupha. Ukuphindaphinda kwephupha ukukhumbula kancinci okanye kutshabalale kumaphuzu ebomini bomntu. Iphupha liluhlu lweengcinga, imifanekiso, okanye iimvakalelo ezenzeka kwingqondo ngexesha lokulala. Kuwumsebenzi wengqondo. Ukuphupha kungenzeka njengemimandla ethile yengqondo iqhutywe ngokusebenzisa iipatheni zombane kunye nemisebenzi yamachiza.
Amaphupha anqwenelekayo-njengemifanekiso ye-movie eyenzeka nawe njengomdlali-unxulumene nokunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza (REM) ukulala. Le meko yokulala yafunyanwa kuqala nguWilliam Dement, MD, PhD, wayeyicinga ukuba nguyise weyeza lokulala. I-REM inxulumene nomsebenzi omkhulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Enyanisweni, ingqondo isebenzisa amandla amaninzi (kunye ne-glucose) kwi-REM njengoko yenzayo ngexesha lokuvuka. Iimisipha ezilawula amehlo ziyasebenza, njengesiqhwaba esinoxanduva lokugcina ukuphefumla.
Eminye imisipha emikhulu yomzimba ikhubazekile ngeli lizwe. Oku kuvimbela ukusebenza kwamaphupha okuvela kwiimeko (kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwe-akhawunti yayo yokulawula ukulala nokukhubazeka kwe-REM).
Injongo ecacileyo yokuphupha isacingwa. Kubonakala inendima ebalulekileyo ekuhlanganiseni imemori, kubandakanywa nokupheliswa kwamava angabalulekanga.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukufunda nokulungisa ingxaki.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane amaphupha ahlukeneyo kwi-sleeping engeyiyo. Oku kubandakanya izigaba zokulala (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-stage 1 kunye nesigaba sesi-2) kunye nokulala kwe-wave-wave (ebizwa ngokuba yinqanaba lesi-3). Kukholelwa ukuba umxholo wephupha we-non-REM ulula kakhulu. Kungaba yiphupha lomfanekiso, ingcamango, okanye ingcamango engaphezulu. Ukuba amaphupha anxulumene ne-REM awonomabhayisikobho, amaphupha angewona ama-REM angafaniswa nesithombe.
Ubume beephupha, kunye nencazelo ethile, kuye kwaba yinto enomdla kwiminyaka emininzi. I-neurologist eyaziwayo ye-neurologist kunye nomsunguli weengqondo, uSigmund Freud, MD, wayeziqhenya ngokugqithiseleyo ngesihloko emsebenzini wakhe wokuzala kusukela ngo-1900 othiwa Ukutolika kweeNkanuko . Akukho mvumelwano kwizenzululwazi zokuchazwa komxholo wephupha; ukucinga kunye nokufumana intsingiselo kungabonakaliswa ngokufanelekileyo njengendlela yokuzilolonga.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphupha ekulala
Kuqhelekile ukuba uphuphe, kodwa kuyaqhelekanga ukuba ungakhumbuli amaphupha ayenzekayo. Umoya ophuphayo ungabonwa ngeemilinganiselo ezenziwe njengenxalenye yokuhlola i-polysomnogram, kuquka ukurekhodwa kwe-electroencephalogram (i-EEG), i-electrooculogram (i-EOG), kunye ne-electromyogram (EMG).
Izibonakaliso zokulala ze-REM ziquka ubomi obusebenzayo, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawuleza, kunye nokulahleka kwexesha elide le-muscle tone.
Ukulala kwe-REM kwenzeka ngezikhalo ubusuku bonke. Ixesha lokuqala le-REM linokuqaphela imizuzu engama-90 ukuya kweyesi-120 ebusuku. Ukuba kwenzeka kwangethuba, ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-15, oku kungaba ngumqondiso weengqungquthela. Ixesha le-REM lihlala lide ixesha elide ukuya kusasa. Ngenxa yoko, isithathu sokugqibela sobusuku singabandakanya ukulala kwe-REM. Kuqhelekile ukuba uvuke kusasa ngaphandle kwexesha lokugqibela le-REM.
Ngenxa yokuba awakhunjulwa, amaphupha anxulumene nokulala kwe-REM cishe kusenzeka.
Kukho ukuhlukahluka ubusuku busuku kunye nobomi bonke. Ziziphi iingxaki zokukhumbula ukungaphumeleli kwephupha?
Kutheni Iingubo Zingahle Zikhohlwe
Kukho iinkcazo ezimbalwa ezinokwenzeka malunga neephupha ezingenakukhunjulwa. Okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukulala kwe-REM akukwenzeka (okanye ubuncinane kungenzeki ngokuqhelekileyo). Amachiza anokukhusela ukulala kwe-REM. Ngokukodwa, i-antidepressants ibonakala inempembelelo enamandla ngokulibazisa ukuqala okanye ukunciphisa inani lokulala kwe-REM. Utywala lungaphinda lusebenze njenge-REM yokunciphisa ubuthongo, ubuncinci ade ude.
Ukuba ukulala kwe-REM kuyenzeka, amaphupha acacileyo anxulumene nayo angenakukhunjulwa. Ukuba kukho utshintsho ukusuka kwi-REM ukulala kwesinye isimo sokulala (amaninzi isigaba 1 okanye isigaba sesi-2), ngaphambi kokuba uphinde uqaphele, amaphupha angakhohliwe.
Njengomgaqo jikelele, amaphupha aphela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvuka. Izibonakaliso zombane kunye namasayinithi ekhemikhali awenza amava okuphupha angase aphele njengoko kuvuka, njengomyalezo obhaliweyo kwisibuko esiphezulu esitshabalalayo njengoko i-steam ephuphuma. Kungenzeka ukuba izinto zephupha zikhunjulwe kamva emini, mhlawumbi zibangelwa ngamava avuselela indawo efanayo yengqondo eyadala iphupha ebusuku.
Iiphupha ngokukodwa ezingalibalekiyo zingaba nombono oqhubekayo unyaka. Ukubalisa iphupha komnye umntu kunokunceda ukuzinzisa imemori. Iingcamango (okanye iindlobongela) ezinxulumene neemvakalelo ezinzulu, kuquka ukwesaba, zinokuthi zihlale zingqondweni. I-amygdala yindawo yengqondo enganceda ukuvuselela la maphupha awakhutheleyo.
Kungenzeka ukuba amaphupha aya kukhunjulwa ukuba isimo seR REM silala. Iwashi ze-alamu ziphazamisa ukulala kwe-REM ngokusa. Kungenzeka ukuba ulale kwakhona uze uphinde ungene ngokufanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Ukuphazamiseka kokulala kunokuchaphazela ukukhumbula. Ukulala okuphazamiseka kokulala okungekho nto kungaphinde kubangele ekuphumeni kokulala kwe-REM njengokuba ukuphefumula okuphazamisayo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphumla kwemisipha yomoya. Kweminye, oku kunokukhokelela ekukhunjuleni iphupha lokukhumbula (kubandakanya amaphupha okugwina okanye ukuhlutha). Ukulala kwe-apnea kungakhokelela ekunyanzelweni kokulala kwe-REM kwaye unyango olusebenzayo lwe-CPAP lunokubangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwe-REM. Abantu abane-narcolepsy bafumana ukuguquka ngokukhawuleza kokulala okufaka isandla ekuphupheni ukukhumbula, ukulala kunye nokulala nokulala. Imilinganiselo yokulala ebuthathaka, uxinzelelo, kunye nezimo zengqondo zikwahlukana nokulala kwaye zandise ukuphupha nokukhumbula.
Izindlela Zokuphucula Ukukhumbula Amaphupha
Ukuba unomdla wokuphucula ukukhumbula kwakho iphupha, qwalasela utshintsho olulula: gcina iphepha lokuloba. Ngokugcina ipeni kunye neqhekeza iphepha (okanye mhlawumbi umgca wezomthetho okanye i-notebook engenanto) kwi-nightstand ecaleni kombhede, kuba lula ukurekhoda ngokukhawuleza amaphupha ngokuvuswa, ngaphambi kokuba bafumane ithuba lokufa. Oku kunokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwiphupha lokukhumbula. Ukuba amanqaku abhaliweyo angachazwa ngokuzayo kamva, kusenokwenzeka ukuba sicinge ngentsingiselo yamaphupha.
ILizwi
Iingcamango ziyingxenye ebuthandayo yokulala kwaye ubomi buphuculwe ngamava aphuculweyo kwezi zinto. Nangona uvakalelwa kukukhathazeka ngokungazikhumbuli amaphupha, qiniseka ukuba le ndawo yokulala isenzeka. Izibonelelo ezithe zavela, ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuqwalasela imemori ukuya ekufundeni nasekuxazululeni iingxaki, mhlawumbi zingaphantsi kwe-surface yolwazi. Njengoko ulala, cinga ihlabathi elinokuba khona, kwaye liza kuwe ebusuku.
> Imithombo:
> Ukumisa, W kunye neKleitman, N. "Ulwalamano lwamehlo ngexesha lokulala kwimisebenzi yephupha: Indlela efanelekileyo yokufunda ukuphupha." I- Journal of Psychology . 1957 ngoMeyi; 53 (5): 339-346.
> Freud, S. Ukuchazwa kweZiphupho . Iguqulelwe nguJames Strachey. Basic Books, Inc. , 1955.