Isicwangciso soMgaqo-nkqubo we-FDA wokunciphisa izifo ezichaphazelekayo
Ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi 2017, i-FDA ikhuphe icebo elikhulayo lokulawula ityhifi kunye nemveliso ye-nicotine. Ngokutsho kwe-FDA, icebo "liza kuba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wonyaka-mithathu ukukhusela kangcono abantwana kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu izifo ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokufa."
Ingxenye yesi sicwangciso kukunciphisa i-nicotin concentrations kwiigayibethi ukuya kumanqanaba angamlutha.
Ukunciphisa amanqanaba eNicotine kwiiCigarettes
I-FDA ineempawu zayo eziqeqeshwe kumcimbi omkhulu kakhulu we-nicotine.
NgokukaMkomishinala we-FDA uScott Gottlieb, MD:
Ngenxa yokuba i-nicotine ihlala kwindawo engundoqo yesibini ingxaki kunye nesisombululo sombuzo wokuxhatshazwa, ukujongana namanqanaba omlutha we-nicotin kwiigayibhisi ezinokutsha kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yesicwangciso se-FDA sokujongana neengxaki eziphazamisayo, ezixhatshazelisayo ezongela iintsapho zaseMerika. Indlela yethu yokwenza iicicin kufuneka ihambisane nesiseko esisisiseko semigaqo kunye nemigangatho yemveliso esandula ukulawulwa. Ukuze uphumelele onke la ma nyathelo makwenziwe ngokubambisana kwaye kungekho kwedwa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-FDA izama ukuhambisa abantu kude nemikhiqizo yokutshaya i-cigarettes ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iindlela ezingenakutsha njenge-e-cigarettes. Nangona i-nicotine itywala, umsi wecuba ugcwele iziqulana ezibangelwa zizifo ezikhokelela kumdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, i-COPD, kunye nokunye. I-calculus kukuba ngokunciphisa amanqanaba e-nicotine kwi-cigarettes, abantu abaxhomekeke kwi-nicotin abayi kukhanda ukutshaya i-cigarettes kwakhona kwaye basebenzise i-cigarettes esikhundleni.
Enyanisweni, kunokuba yiminyaka ngaphambi kokuba i-FDA iyancipha i-nicotine i-cigarettes. Ukuqikelela, le ntshukumo ye-FDA iya kuhlanganyelwa ngokunyanzeliswa ngokuqinileyo ngama-lobbies anamandla. Umgca we-FDA wokuqhawula i-cigarettes kuza kuba ngumqobo omkhulu kubakhiqizi beetekisi.
Enye inxalenye yesicwangciso se-FDA ukuphuhlisa isiseko "semithetho nemigangatho yemveliso esandula ukulawulwa." Ukwenza oku, kulibaziseka kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine ukulawulwa kwee-cigarettes, i-cigars, i-cigarillos, ne-hookah (okt , umbhobho wamanzi). Ekuqaleni, i-FDA kwakufuneka ukuba iqalise ukulawula le mveliso ukuba kungekhona ukulibaziseka ngulawulo lweTrump.
Oku kubangela ukulibazisa ukulawulwa kwe-e-cigarettes, iigayira, i-cigarillos, kunye ne-hookah iphazamise iingcali ezininzi zempilo yoluntu. Ezi mveliso zenziwe ukuba zibhenele abantwana kwaye zifike kwiiflegi ezinomntwana, ezifana ne-mint ne-apple, kunye ne-packaging-friendly friendly. Uninzi lwezingane ezingaphantsi kwabasebenzisi abatsha bathenga iteksi kunye nemveliso ye-nicotine.
Ezinye iingcali zezempilo zoluntu zivuya ukuba i-FDA idibanisa iipolisi zayo kwi-e-cigarettes kunye ne-cigarettes kwaye ilandelelana noMthetho wokuLawulwa koTshwala kunye noTywala Control Act, obanika i-FDA igunya lokulawula iimveliso zecuba. Ngokukodwa, umthetho ufumanisa ukuba "i-nicotine yicirisi yokulutha" kwaye ihlawulela i-FDA "negunya lokulawula amanqanaba e-tar, i-nicotine, kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi zeemveliso zecuba."
Umthetho wokuLawula uTubawa usayinwe ngoJuni 22, 2009 nguBarack Obama.
Umthetho ugunyazisa i-FDA negunya lokulawula ukuveliswa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwemveliso yecuba ukukhusela impilo kawonkewonke. NgoMeyi 2016, amalungiselelo alo mthetho ayandiswa ukuze ahlasele i-cigarettes kunye neepape pens, kunye neigayira, iteksi yombhobho, i-gel, i-hookah ye-hooka, kunye neemveliso zecuba yengomso.
Izinga leNicotine kwi-E-cigarettes
Ukuze isicwangciso se-FDA sisebenze, kunye ne-e-cigarettes ukuba zivele njengendlela ekhuselekileyo yokubhema i-cigarettes, i-e-cigarettes ngokwabo kufuneka ikwazi ukuhambisa i-nicotine ngokwaneleyo ukuze ihlale ixhomekeka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes iyahluka ngokubanzi kwinani le-nicotine.
Kwisifundo se-2013 esibizwa ngokuthi "iiNicotine Levels kwi-Electronic Cigarettes," uGoniewicz kunye nababhali be-co-test bavavanya iimpawu ezixumiweyo ze-electronic cigarette. Bafumanisa ukuba inani le-nicotine kwimpompo lihluka kakhulu phakathi kwe-0.5 mg ukuya kwi-15.4 mg. (Iigaretti ziqulethe phakathi kwe-6 mg kunye ne-12 mg ye-nicotine.)
Ukongezelela koko, kwii-cigarettes zika-elektroniki zivivinywe, inani le-nicotine ekhutshwe kwi-15 ekhunjulwa yi-device esebenzayo-akuzona zonke izixhobo ezisebenzayo-yayingaphantsi kweso sigqabi. Esikhundleni salokho, kuthatha phakathi kwe-150 no-180 ukuthukuthela ukuhambisa i-nicotine usebenzisa i-e-cigarettes. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kuthatha phantse i-15 sigubha. Ngamanye amazwi, kuthatha inkunzi enkulu ukufumana i-nicotine ngaphandle kwe-e-cigarette.
Ukuqulunqa
I-FDA icebo lokunciphisa i-nicotin concentrations kwi-cigarettes ukubeka i-cigarettes ngaphandle kwe-e-cigarettes, engabandakanyi izicucu zomsi. Le ntshukumo kufuneka inciphise kakhulu isifo esichaphazelekayo kunye nokufa.
Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho lunokuthabatha iminyaka emininzi kwaye luyakuthi ludibane nokuchasana ngokukhawuleza kwimiba yecuba. Ukongezelela, ukuze kuthathe ixesha elaneleyo lokusekela isiseko sesi sicwangciso esikhulu, i-FDA yinkqubo yokuhlehliswa kwe-e-cigarettes, i-cigar, i-cigarillos, ne-hookah. Uninzi lwale mikhiqizo ibhenela abantwana kwaye lubeka ingozi kwimpilo yoluntu. Ekugqibeleni, i-e-cigarettes yangoku ayigcineki i-nicotine kubasebenzisi, eyanciphisa ukusebenza kwabo.
> Imithombo:
> FDA. Usapho Lokulawula Ukubhema nokuThengiswa koTywala.
> FDA News Release. I-FDA izisa isicwangciso esipheleleyo sokulawula ukutshintsha i-trajectory yezifo ezihlobene necuba, ukufa.
> Goniewicz, ML, et al. Izinga leNicotine kwii-Electronic cigarettes. Uphando lweNicotine noGuba. 2013; 15: 158-166.
> Iofisi yeRejista yeSithili. Ukujonga Imveliso Yecuba Ukuba Ixhomekeke kuMthetho we-Federal Food, i-Drug, ne-Cosmetic Act, njengoko uhlonyelwe ngumThetho wokuLawula ukuKhusela nokuThengiswa koTywala; Imiqathango yokuThengiswa kunye nokuSasazwa kweMveliso yoTuba kunye neNkcazo eziMilumkiso zeMveliso yoTuba. https://www.federalregister.gov.