Ukusetyenziswa Kokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi Ezidibeneyo Kwandisa Umngcipheko Wokufa
Ngokweengxelo ezivela kwiSizwe sikaZwelonke malunga nokuSetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukugqithiswa kweziyobisi ngokwexesha elidlulileyo kuye kwandisa unyaka ngonyaka ukususela ngo-1999 kunye nabangama-64,000 ababhalwa ngo-2016.
Iziyobisi ezithandwayo, ezibandakanya i- barbiturates kunye ne- benzodiazepines , ziphakathi kwezizathu eziphambili. Enyanisweni, i-benzodiazepines ibe yedwa yecala malunga neyesisixhenxe kulaba bafa, ngokuqhelekileyo xa ihlanganiswe neziyobisi ze-opioid njenge- OxyContin (oxymorphone) okanye i-Vicodin (i-hydrocodone).
Ukuqonda i-Sedatives
Izidalwa ezidityanisayo zizenzayo kwinkqubo yesistim ephakathi yokunciphisa imisebenzi yomzimba. Zivame ukuba zibekwe njengezoluxilisi okanye zilele iipilisi ukuze zinciphise uxhalaba okanye zenze ulala. Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-sedatives zi-barbiturates kunye ne-benzodiazepines.
Ezinye zezona zivunyiweyo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- I-Luminal (phenobarbital)
- Mebaral (mephobarbital)
- Nembutal (i-pentobarbital)
- Seconal (secobarbital)
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-benzodiazepines ithathe i-barbiturates njenge-drug drug. Phakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Halcion (triazolam)
- Klonopin (clonazepam)
- Librium (chlordiazepoxide)
- I-Tranxene (i-clorazepate)
- Valium (diazepam)
- Xanax (alprazolam)
Izizathu Zokugqithisa
Njengento yokudambisa ngokunyanzelisa i-system ye-nervous system, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunokunciphisa imisebenzi yomzimba kwinqanaba elinjengokubangela ukungazi, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula nokufa.
Ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kungenziwa ngamabomu ngenjongo yokuzibulala . Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni oko kuboniswa ukuba kungabangeli ntlungu. Nangona kunjalo, akusiyo yonke imizamo yokuzibulala ekuphumeleleni ukuhlanza kuyaqhelekileyo xa isicatshulwa sithathwa ngokweqile. Ukuba oko kwenzeka, loo mntu unokusinda kodwa ekugqibeleni unomonakalo wengqondo ngenxa yokungabi nalutho lwe-oksijini.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ukugqithisa ngengozi kungenzeka xa umsebenzisi ethatha amaninzi kakhulu okanye adibanisa nezinye iziyobisi ukuphucula imiphumo ecindezelekileyo. Ukugqithisa ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu:
- Umntu unokuxhomekeke ekulaleni iipilisi kodwa, ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, angasabela ngokuthe ngqo kwisilwanyana. Ngomzamo onzima wokulala, umntu unokuphela ngokuthatha ezininzi.
- Umsebenzisi wokuzonwabisa oye wasuka ekuthatheni iipilisi ukuze ajobe iilisi ngamanye amaxesha angachaza ngokuthe tye.
- Ukususela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2015, izinga lokufa ngokugqithiseleyo okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kwezidalwa kunye ne-opioids sele kuphindwe kabini. Namhlanje, uninzi lwabantu abafayo ngokubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kwe-sedative kubangelwa kwesi sizathu.
Iimpawu zokugqithiswa kokuThatheka
Izibonakaliso zokudluleka kwezinto ezidlulayo zifana nezo ziselo, ezixinzelelekileyo. Ukuphungula umsebenzi wengqondo kuqala kuthintela amalungu omzimba olawula imisebenzi yokuzithandela. Xa umntu engaphezu kwexesha, le nkunkuma ingaqala ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yomntu engabandakanyeki, njengokuphefumula nentliziyo.
Iimpawu zokugqithisa ukuguquka ziquka:
- Intetho edibeneyo
- Ukungaqiniseki
- Ukuphefumula okunzima
- Utywala okanye utyhafa
- Ukuvutha
- Ukungakwazi ukucinga okanye ukuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo
- Ukuphefumula kwehlisa
- Ukunciphisa intliziyo
- Ukwanda kwesikhumba
- I-blue tinge emlonyeni, iminwe, kunye nesikhumba (i-cyanosis)
- Ukungaqondi
- Ukutshitshiswa
- Coma
Uphulo olukhawulezileyo
Abantu abaye baqhelana kakhulu kwiimpawu eziza kubamkelwa esibhedlele baza bajongwa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo banonophelo olunzulu. Phantse enye kwi-four overdose deaths ivela emva kokuba umntu avunyelwe.
Utyando lunokubandakanya ezinye okanye zonke ezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuhlanza ukukhupha ukukhupha isidakamizwa esingaphezu kwesisu
- Ipompa yesisu
- Ukulawulwa kwelahleko ezisebenzayo ukufumana izidakamizwa ezingaphezulu
- Amachiza okucoca isilwanyana ngokusebenzisa izibilini okanye umchamo
- Ulawulo lwe-intravenous fluids ukukhusela ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kunye nokuzinzisa imisebenzi yomzimba
- Umphefumli ukuba ukuphefumula kuye kwaphazamiseka
- I-Dialysis ibe ngcono ukucoceka igazi
- Amayeza okuzinzisa umsebenzi wentliziyo
- Ukunyamekelwa kwengqondo, kubandakanywa umlindo wokuzibulala ofutshane
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu banokufumana ukuphulukana nokudlulela kwindoda xa unyango luqala ekuqaleni. Ngaphandle kokuba umntu uye wafumana ixesha elide lokukhutshwa kwe-oksijeni, iziphumo zokugqithisa ngokwexesha elidlulileyo zivame ukuhlala kuphela nje kuphela ukuba izilwanyana zihlala kule nkqubo.
> Umthombo:
> ISikole seSizwe ekuDlanzisweni kweziyobisi: iiNational Institutes of Health. "Ukugqithisa amaxabiso okufa." EBethesda, eMaryn; hlaziywa ngoSeptemba 2017.