Uphawu olusilumkiso kunye nempawu lungenza unyango olungenzeka
Iingcali zenzululwazi zijonge ukudibanisa phakathi kokudakumba kunye nento ebizwa ngokuthi "ininzi" inkumbulo. Uphando oluninzi lufumene umehluko omkhulu kwimemori yeendlela osebenza phakathi kwabantu abadandathekileyo kunye nabangenawo. Unxibelelwano lubonisa ukuba unyango olujongene nokusebenza kweememori lunokuba luncedo ekuphatheni uxinzelelo.
Yintoni ekhunjulwayo iMemori?
Masithi ucelwa ukuba uphendule ukukhawula amagama ngomemori omnye.
Elinye lamagama athi "ukukhungatheka". Ukuba awuxinezelekanga, impendulo yakho inokuba yinto, "Ndandicinezelekile ngokwenene ndizama ukufumana ummeli wenkonzo yenkonzo ngomnxeba ngolunye usuku." Kodwa ukuba uxinezelekile, usenokuthi, "Andikwazi ukufumana oko ndikufunayo ekhitshini lam."
Impendulo yokuqala ngumzekelo othize wexhala eliphazamisayo. Okwesibini akuyona imemori enye-ibeka ndawonye iqela leemeko ezifanayo ezixhalabisayo. Enyanisweni, akungabazeki ukuba ufumanisa oko ukhangeleyo, kodwa ufumene izikhumbuzo ezimbi kwaye uzifake kunye.
Lo mcimbi ubizwa nangokuthi "imemori engacaciswanga," kwaye abanye abaphandi bawubhekisela kuyo ngokuthi "imemori engapheliyo," okanye i-OGM.
Imizekelo yeMemori engaphezulu
- Igama lokuthi: Ukulahlwa
Imemori ecacileyo: "UNksz Jones wayenqwenela ukuphakanyiswa komthi ndamnika."
Imemori engapheliyo: "Iziphakamiso zam zihlala zithatyathwa."
- Igama lokuCula: Uxolo
Imemori ecacileyo: "Ndandiziva ndonwabile ngoxolo xa ndaya kudoba."
Imemori engaphezulu: "Ukuhamba ngokuloba kwenza ndive ngoxolo." - Igama lokuthi: Isiyatha
Imemori ecacileyo: "Ndandichukumisekile xa ndaya kwintlanganiso yam ngaphandle kwesikhwama sam."
Imemori engapheliyo: "Ndihlala ndisisidenge kwiintlanganiso."
Ngaba i-OGM ihlale ibi?
Hayi akunjalo. Wonke umntu ukhumbula izinto ngokungaqhelekanga ngamanye amaxesha. Umzekelo, ukuba undibuza, "Yintoni inkumbulo yakho oyithandayo ngoomama wakho?" Ndiyakwazi ukuphendula, "Ndimthanda ukuhamba naye kwiingoma zakhe zokucula," okanye, "Ixesha lafika ngamamayela angama-400 ukuba ahlale nam xa ndandigula." Omnye uwonke jikelele, omnye uqobo. Impendulo ngeengoma zakhe zokucula ziyiqela lezikhumbuzo ezimnandi - akusiyo impendulo efanelekileyo kumbuzo.
I-key is frequency of memory unspecific retrieval versus specific. Ingakumbi imemori yomntu ikhunjulwa ngokuqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi iyakhula uhlobo oluthile loxinzelelo. Kwaye umntu onenkxalabo kakhulu unokufumana olu hlobo olubanzi lokukhumbula.
Kutheni Iimemori Ziba Ngento Engacacile?
Akukho mntu uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kukho ezinye iingcamango. Enye into yokuba olu hlobo lwenkumbulo olusebenzayo luqala ukuhlakulela kwangaphambili kubantu abasengozini, nangona sisiphi isizathu, ukuxinezeleka, ukuxinezeleka kwengqondo, kunye neengxaki ezithile zokuxhalabisa. Iqela labaphandi libiza ngokuthi "umqondiso wempawu" kwezo zigulo.
Enye inkolelo kukuba imemori engapheliyo iqala ngokuyinceda ukunceda abanye abantu ukuba babhekane nayo. Isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba "ukuxhomekeka kuncinci kunokunceda ukukhusela iimvakalelo ezimbi okanye ezibuhlungu ngokukhumbula iziganeko ngendlela encinane." Ngokwale ngqungquthela, ukuqhubela phambili "kunokuba nefuthe elihle kwixesha elincinci (impembelelo engaphantsi kwemiqobo yeziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo) kodwa inokutshabalalisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi."
I-Memory Retrieval Ukutshintsha kunye ne-Trauma
Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwentleba yokuxinzelela emva kokukhathazeka nokukhunjulwa kweememori. Olunye uphando lubhekisele kubantwana ababengaba (1) baxhatshazwa, (2) bahoywa, kwaye (3) bangaphathwa kakubi nonke. Bafumene abantwana abahlukunyeziweyo bafumana phezulu ukufumana imemori engabonakaliyo kunamanye amabini amabini, eqinisa into yokuba i-OGM ingaba yindlela yokuxhatshaza eyenza ikhumbule izikhumbuzo zeziganeko ezibuhlungu.
Kwakhona ukuxhasa loo mbono uphando olongezelelweyo kwizifundo ezichazwe kwiimbopheleleko zemfazwe njengabantwana. Olu phando lubonisa ukuba "isicwangciso sokubuyisela imemori engaphezulu kokuqala sikhuselekile kunye nomngcipheko wokuxinezeleka kuphela xa ufika kubantu abadala."
Kodwa kuthekani ngabantu abangakhange bafumane ubunzima obuzeleyo kwaye banokudakumba okanye ukuxinezeleka kwengqondo?
Ukuxhomekeka koxinzelelo
Uphando luqinile: abantu abaneenkathazo zengqondo bavame ukuba nememori engaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba bangenayo. Kwakhona kuqinisekiswe ukuba imemori engaphezu kwexesha iyakhusela ukuxinezeleka kwangaphambili.
Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwenkqubo yeememori lidla ngokuba (nangona kungekho rhoqo) olufunyenweyo ukuqhubeka kubantu abaneembali zokudandatheka nangona bengagxininiswe kwangoku. Iqela elithile labaphandi lithi, "Oku kubalulekileyo, kuba ithetha ukuba le nto ingabonwa ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba yenziwe yintliziyo ephantsi kwaye, ngoko ke, singenza njengomlinganiselo we-'marker 'wexesha elizayo lokudandatheka. "U
Olunye uhlalutyo lwangoku lubonisa ukuba "kukho ubuhlobo obuncinane kodwa obunokwethenjelwa phakathi kwe-OGM kunye nenkqubo yokudandatheka." Ababhali belo hlalutyo baqhubeka bethetha ukuba nangona kwezi ziphumo, bacebisa iindlela zokuvavanya zokunyuka kweememori njengokonyango olunokwenzeka lokudakumba, ngokubambisana kunye nezinye unyango (mhlawumbi unyango lwezengqondo zokuziphatha ), kwaye uphakamisa uphando olongezelelweyo nolwalamano olupheleleyo.
Umyalezo othabathayo
Nangona uphando oluninzi lufunekayo, kubonakala ukuba indlela osebenza ngayo imemori inokuba nefuthe ekucindezelekeni kwakho. Ukuba unenkxalabo ukukhumbula imemori ethile, okanye xa ufumanisa ukuba ukhumbule amaqela eziganeko ngokubanzi kunemibutho ethile, ezi zibonakaliso zememori engaphezulu. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, unokufumana ixesha lakho ukukhupha umgqirha wakho. Idatha echanekileyo ibonisa ukuba ukusebenzela ukuphucula ukukhumbula iziganeko ezithile kunokunceda ukukhulula iimpawu zokudandatheka. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba nophando olungakumbi malunga nokuphumelela kwonyango.
Imithombo:
ULloyd GG, uLishman WA. Impembelelo yokudakumba kwijubane lokukhumbula izinto ezintle nezamnandi. Iingcali zengqondo . Ngo-1975 ngoMeyi; 5 (2): 173-80.
Hermans, D., et al. Ubume bememori ye-Autobiographical kunye nokuchaphazela umgaqo: ukujamelana nesiganeko esichaphazelekayo. Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa . 2008; 25 (9): 787-92.
Gee, A. Hazy Khumbula njengeSignal Foretelling Depression. I-New York Times . 9 Meyi 2011.
Lopez, NH Abantwana abaxhatshazwayo kunye nezikhumbuzo eziqhelekileyo: Ngaba unokukhokelela ekudakaleni? Child-Psych.org . 15 Apreli 2009.
Brennan, T., et al. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweengxaki zentsholongwane ebuntwaneni kubangela ukuba ukhumbule iimemori ezithile zezinto ezizenzekelayo. Umbhalo weengxaki zoxinzelelo. 2010 kuMatshi; 23 (2): 240-7.
Williams, JMG, et al. I-Memory of Specificity and Disorder Disorder. I-Psychological Bulletin. 2007 ngoJanuwari; 133 (1): 122-148.
Sumner, JA, Griffith, JW kunye neMinkaa, S. Imemori engaphezu kwe-Autobiographical Memory njengendlela yokuQala ukuPhukisa: i-Meta-Analysis. Uphando loPhando kunye noPhando . 2010 ngoJulayi; 48 (7): 614-625.